The Oldest Unsolved Problem in Math

공유
소스 코드
  • 게시일 2024. 04. 26.
  • Do odd perfect numbers exist? Head to brilliant.org/veritasium to start your free 30-day trial, and the first 200 people get 20% off an annual premium subscription.
    Special thanks to our Patreon supporters! Join this list to help us keep our videos free, forever:
    ve42.co/PatreonDEB
    A massive thank you to Prof. Pace Nielsen for all his time and help with this video.
    A big thank you to Dr. Asaf Karagila, Pascal Ochem, Prof. Tianxin Cai, and Prof. William Dunham for their expertise and help.
    To try GIMPS out yourself: ve42.co/GIMPS
    These sources were particularly helpful:
    Perfect numbers via MacTutor - ve42.co/MTPerfect
    Cai, T. (2022). Perfect numbers and fibonacci sequences. World Scientific. - ve42.co/Cai2022
    Dunham, W. (2022). Euler: The master of us all (Vol. 22). American Mathematical Society. - ve42.co/Dunham2022
    ▀▀▀
    References:
    • Perfect Numbers and Me...
    • Perfect Number Proof -...
    Dickson, L. E. (1919). History of the Theory of Numbers.. (Vol. 1). Carnegie Institution of Washington.
    Knill, O. (2007). The oldest open problem in mathematics. NEU Math Circle, December2. - ve42.co/Knill2007
    Perfect number via Wikipedia - ve42.co/WikiPerfect
    Introduction to Arithmetic via HalthiTrust - ve42.co/IntroArithmetic
    Nicomachus of Gerasa via MacTutor - ve42.co/MTNicomachus
    Sonja, B. (1988). The First Perfect Numbers and Three Types of Amicable Numbers in a Manuscript on Elementary Number Theory by Ibn Fellûs. Erdem, c. IV, 11. - ve42.co/Sonja1988
    Ibn Fallus via Wikipedia - ve42.co/WikiFallus
    Mersenne prime via Wikipedia - ve42.co/WikiMP
    List of Known Mersenne Prime Numbers - ve42.co/ListOfMP
    Marin Mersenne via MacTutor - ve42.co/MTMersenne
    Leonhard Euler via Wikipedia - ve42.co/WikiEuler
    Frank Nelson Cole via Wikipedia - ve42.co/WikiFNCole
    GIMPS History via Mersenne.org - ve42.co/GIMPSHistory
    EFF Cooperative Computing Awards via EFF - ve42.co/EFFAwards
    Jonathan Pace via Primewiki - ve42.co/PWikiPace
    Book with just one number sells out in Japan via BastillePost - ve42.co/PrimeBook
    Predicted distribution of Mersenne primes via John D. Cook - ve42.co/JDCookMP
    Euler’s Odd Perfect Numbers Theorem via Cantor's Paradise - ve42.co/EulerOPN
    A Perfect (Math) Mystery via Medium - ve42.co/Machado2024
    Brent, R. P., Cohen, G. L., & te Riele, H. J. (1991). Improved techniques for lower bounds for odd perfect numbers. Mathematics of Computation, 57(196), 857-868. - ve42.co/Brent1991
    Ochem, P., & Rao, M. (2012). Odd perfect numbers are greater than 10¹⁵⁰⁰. Mathematics of Computation, 81(279), 1869-1877. - ve42.co/Ochem2012
    Mathematicians Open a New Front on an Ancient Number Problem via Quantamagazine - ve42.co/QuantaSpoofs
    Descartes number via Wikipedia - ve42.co/WikiDescartesNumber
    Andersen, N., Durham, S., Griffin, M. J., Hales, J., Jenkins, P., Keck, R., ... & Wu, D. (2022). Odd, spoof perfect factorizations. Journal of Number Theory, 234, 31-47. - ve42.co/Andersen2022
    Pomerance’s Heuristic that Odd Perfect Numbers are Unlikely via OddPerfect.org - ve42.co/Heuristic
    Images & Video:
    Clip of Piergiorgio Odifreddi - • Odifreddi da Gramellin...
    Euclid’s Elements 1 via Claymath - ve42.co/CM1
    Euclid’s Elements 2 via Claymath - ve42.co/CM2
    Euclid’s Elements 3 via Claymath - ve42.co/CM3
    Diophanti - ve42.co/Diophanti
    Gauss book - ve42.co/GaussDis
    Euler’s Archive 1 - ve42.co/Euler1
    Euler’s Archive 2 - ve42.co/Euler2
    ▀▀▀
    Special thanks to our Patreon supporters:
    Anton Ragin, Balkrishna Heroor, Bertrand Serlet, Bill Linder, Blake Byers, Burt Humburg, Chris Harper, Dave Kircher, David Johnston, Diffbot, Evgeny Skvortsov, Garrett Mueller, Gnare, I.H., John H. Austin, Jr., john kiehl, Josh Hibschman, Juan Benet, KeyWestr, Lee Redden, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Matthias Wrobel, Max Paladino, Meekay, meg noah, Michael Krugman, Orlando Bassotto, Paul Peijzel, Richard Sundvall, Sam Lutfi, Stephen Wilcox, Tj Steyn, TTST, Ubiquity Ventures, wolfee
    ▀▀▀
    Directed by Casper Mebius
    Written by Casper Mebius and Derek Muller
    Edited by Peter Nelson
    Illustrated by Jakub Misiek
    Animated by Fabio Albertelli, Ivy Tello, David Szakaly, Alondra Vitae, Alex Drakoulis, and Leigh Williamson
    Filmed by Derek Muller, Raquel Nuno, and Peter Nelson
    Additional research by Aaron Santos, Camilla Machado, and Gregor Čavlović
    Produced by Casper Mebius, Gregor Čavlović, Han Evans, and Derek Muller
    Thumbnail by Ren Hurley
    Additional video/photos supplied by Getty Images and Pond5
    Music from Epidemic Sound

댓글 • 11K