The new BLACK HOLE image explained by an ASTROPHYSICIST | Your questions answered

Nobody has ever been to the moon.

@@godsbeautifulflatearth nice try gas lighting

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@@godsbeautifulflatearth 🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣😜😜😜😜😜😜😜😜😜🤪🤪🤪🤪🤪🤪🤪🤪🤪🤪🤪🤪🤪🤪🤪...dude, are you allowed out unescorted???

@@godsbeautifulflatearth you're a bit of a mentalist, aren't you????

Thanks Eric! That means a lot 👍

@@DrBecky Correction: there's no substitute for having a real astrophysicist, who can translate astrophysics into English, explain astrophysics. People inside the science community used to criticize Carl Sagan because he explained highly technical material in English, sometimes through analogies, and all analogies are flawed. But science depends on public enthusiasm for its survival. His and your functions are vital to the very existence of science. Thank you for what you do.

@@RockinRobbins13 Dead on! @dr. Becky is one of the best I've seen. In the class of Dr. Segan and Mr. Cousteau, bringing science to the rest of us.

@@DrBecky What’s your email?

She speaks to a lay audience though. Most of what she says everyone with a high school education already has heard a million times

KRplus has redeemed itself with this video alone. We now go back to your regularly scheduled nastiness, name calling and personal attacks! But not here.

Black holes are a hoax. Mathematical speculation.

@@MajesticGovernor This image powerfully says otherwise. There will be more. There will be more discoveries about black holes that will further render your position ridiculous, as it really is now.
Black holes are inescapable reality, based on first-hand observation, just as hurricanes, unimaginable to those who have never been in them, are real. Just wait until the JWST and Gaia give us the stars, by name, orbiting the Milky Way's black hole and back up the information of the South American observatories, that they orbit a million Sun mass black hole.
Sometimes you just have to surrender to reality. As Fred Hoyle, one of my personal astronomical heroes. What makes sense to you isn't necessarily what's happening.

Expert ? She has no understanding and serving a half-cooked dish .

@@user-sv7wl5sf6w She's an astrophycisist specializing in supermassive black holes, with peer reviewed publications on the subject. Yes, she's an expert.

It's her pure joy of everything to do with it. Refreshing.

honestly it is contagious. contagious excitement is always a good thing.

A bit more dry, but CFA Colloquium (Centre for Astrophysics - Harvard-Smithsonian) YT channel has a number of lectures given by the EHT team, in addition to a lot of other Astrophysics based subjects and telescope projects.

@@tyrantworm7392 Thanks for the rec! I will be sure to check those out!

yeah I've seen that also it features Stephen Hawking before he passed away he'd be so proud knowing that they was able to capture the milky ways black hole also

Thanks

I am 100% going to watch this and nerd out on it. I love all things relating to anything beyond our planet's atmosphere. I was heavily into meteorology when I was a kid. I was that kid that sat in the school library reading about everything instead of playing during recess and lunch time lol. I built my first computer when I was 14. I fixed electronic equipment in the Navy and now I work in IT. I love all of this nerd stuff ^_^

I began observing the stars in 1949 when I was seven it is truly pure joy to have access to this progress I am grateful

That's why you're believing that this is a real photo of a black hole lol.

Great analogy. thanks.

In astronomy, it's helps A TON knowing what the image is supposed to be of.

Or hard to imagine.

It’s literally unimaginable. We can tell ourselves that we are imagining it correctly, but I’d be willing to bet anything that we aren’t.

@@justinwatson1510 It's hard to imagine. You can already see the distance if you look at the sky and you can see that they are huge.

"it's 116 million km. It sounds like a lot, but..."

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As it should be!

It just goes to show you what's possible when people come together

What happens when Plasma Physicists, Electrical Engineers, and Natural Philosophers come together:
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End war study Science and Art

@@okidokidraws was going to say the exact same thing....politicians....sick of people with the power to send armies against one another's children.

Which Anton? I've watched Veritasium and Scott Manley's versions.

@@TomLeg Anton Petrov

He reporting is fantastic, but her delivery makes me want to hang myself. To each his own.

ikr

How close does the SpaceX Starship come to your junior high drawing?

You’re welcome Jack 🤗 glad you like my content and it’s helpful!

Take a look at the latest video about this from Veritasium. Derek did a really good job explaining the image itself, and Becky completed with the science behind it and the implications. ❤

I love this comment and completely agree. Becky, Kyle Hill, Sci-show, and others are such a wonderful resource for those that love this kind of content but need a layman's version to really grasp it. I will be forever greatful for the day I discovered Because Science, my current obsession with how Science relates to my everyday word and my love of content like this can be tied directly back to that channel. Stay awesome Dr. Becky you rock!

@@DrBecky - Except we have no clue if this is in fact a black hole. All we have here is a low res blurry image of something, and people are trying to say that beyond a shadow of a doubt that this is a black hole.
So could you take a minute and explain to me how you know exactly what this is beyond a shadow of a doubt?
I mean the Earth has places we haven't seen and things we can't explain. We know even less about our own solar system. We know just about nothing, in the grand scheme of things, about our Galaxy, yet here we are knowing beyond a shadow of a doubt what this low res blurry image is?
I mean come on now that's just ridiculous. People really need to stop speaking in a factual way about things they really can't prove. Astrophysicist are about the worst for doing this. They claim they can tell you exactly what life is like on a planet orbiting a star hundreds to thousands of light years away simply by the dip in luminosity of the star.
Now don't get me wrong, I'm no flat Earth space denying bonehead, but you can't honest sit here and tell me that this is 100% beyond a shadow of a doubt a black hole. I mean if you can I really would love to hear it, and am genuinely interested. Though I'm putting my money on you not being able to guarantee me beyond a shadow of a doubt that this is in fact a black hole.

Right there with you, Jacq.

And yet, five minutes later ,here's this one!
Your right through ! They did say this was impossible..
Remember?

@@MrBollocks10 everything impossible is impossible, until it isn’t.

I hope we don’t lose it all because wealthy assholes care more about profit than the long-term habitability of the planet.

I made a similar comment yesterday on another channel, although I'm just a touch too young for Sputnik, as I was born a week after Tsar Bomba was detonated.
My earliest memory is getting stuck with a diaper pin after jumping, second earliest memory, JFK getting shot.
I can't even imagine what wonders my grandchildren will grow up witnessing!

Your bad

Veritasium has a good video too
krplus.net/bidio/gZWahXSgp4C0k6A

Technically, black hole is something that we can never get an image of. Best we can hope for is all the energetic debris in the vicinity.

when I was a child they were entirely theoretical, almost science fiction. Now - we take pictures of them...
30 years ago we found the first exoplanet - very soon we will have direct images of them...
It absolutely blows my mind. Meanwhile tanks are still blowing people to bits in parts of Europe. Scientista AMAZING. Politicians - total crap.

Unfortunately its a hoax.

@Real Aiglon please get her to change her channel name then. Cheers

@@fivish you're a hoax

@Real Aiglon Do you actually have anything useful to add to the conversation, other than the same ignorant comment?

@Real Aiglon MDs don't have nearly the level of education as a Ph.D., either.
To earn a Ph.D., one has to do original basic research, write up all the data and findings in a thesis that provides a theory that explains it all, and then defend that thesis before a board of Ph.D.s with expertise in that topic.
Medical doctors are highly educated.
Ph.D.s discover facts that act as the basis of education.
(See how easy it is to copy and paste?)

We know galaxies in our own neighborhood that don't have the mass of Sagittarius A*. The Milky Way has at least 63 smaller satellite galaxies orbiting it. Some, like the Small and Large Magellanic clouds, can be seen with the naked eye. Most are beyond the ability of even large amateur telescopes to see because they are so small and sparse. Look for ESA's Gaia space telescope to find more of these.

I'm with you autarchex, Voyager 1 is over 150 AUs from us and yet it remains within the estimated radius of the event horizon of M87. Incredible.

To think there are all these huge black holes all over the place, tells me space is bigger than I can actually imagine.

@@guynorth3277 Yes, the Virgo Cluster is full of gigantic elliptical galaxies, each of which should probably contain a monster black hole on the level of M87's behemoth.

@@guynorth3277 I'm usually pretty comfortable with the idea that some things are just ridiculously out of reach of even my decent sense of scale but that is just... well, to quote from an MTG flavor text "No, bigger than that. It was BIG". I mean, it's bigger than the combined mass of the two that gave us that nice LIGO signal, that released something like 30 solar masses of energy when they collided, which is a number I already can't comprehend.

It takes that much excitement to get through the boring parts of astrophysics.

That would be cool. There's always a chance of some tentative hints in the near future from observations of exoplanets, but that's probably about it.

Hopefully it won’t be all of our last wishes! 🥸

Hopefully we will discover it directly on Mars because all other sources are much too far away to actually recover and examine a real probe directly in our hands here on earth. And only this would be „real proof“ I think.

She does have a PHD, and deserves the honorific, there is no reason to be snarky.

@Real Aiglon 🤔 That's the name of her KRplus channel, Aiggy.

@Real Aiglon MDs don't have nearly the level of education as a Ph.D., either.
To earn a Ph.D., one has to do original basic research, write up all the data and findings in a thesis that provides a theory that explains it all, and then defend that thesis before a board of Ph.D.s with expertise in that topic.
Medical doctors are highly educated.
Ph.D.s discover facts that act as the basis of education.

I was actually surprised that they were so small. I mean, ours at the center of our universe is so much smaller than our sun, which isn't a particularly large or special star

Saw an interview with the lead scientists two days ago. Yes it is meant to give this idea that is very hot.

Okay?

@Real Aiglon Dr Becky has a PhD. She has earned that title

@Real Aiglon imagine thinking only medical phds are doctors

@@CJDAM MDs don't have nearly the level of education as a Ph.D., either.
To earn a Ph.D., one has to do original basic research, write up all the data and findings in a thesis that provides a theory that explains it all, and then defend that thesis before a board of Ph.D.s with expertise in that topic.
Medical doctors are highly educated.
Ph.D.s discover facts that act as the *basis* of education.

Yup because of it's gravity light bends from all over direction even from it's backside

For sure they could already release an equivalent image of Sag A* using the same interferometric models they used for M87* if they wanted to, but I think it's reasonable to presume that the increased motion blur of Sag A* versus M87* makes the resulting image substantially underwhelming or else they'd already have released such an image. The fact that they haven't yet is good reason to expect that they're still working to improve their models. One weird thing about radio interferometry is that you can spend 3 weeks collecting data from your telescopes and then a whole year analyzing and figuring out how to actually produce something useful out of that data. Using the Event Horizon Telescope is a bit like looking through a pair of dirty spectacles with about 6 clean spots you can see through and turning your head in all directions and then trying to make sense of the limited glimpses you saw through your 6 clean spots.

Not for a while I don't think

how much do they have data? so much it takes weeks to crunch with best supercomputers combined?

@@effexon 6000TB of data. So much they couldn’t send it over the internet. They had to physically send the hard drives to the server farm.

I've heard it's in their plans, but it will require more observations, so not soon

You feel sorry for people that are skeptical of the claims being provided without any factual evidence or proof? How does one actually validate the claim that this image is actually a black hole to begin with? One can easily reproduce such an image in photoshop that it leaves very little confidence in the claim that this is an image of a black hole to begin with.

@@zeffie Just don't reproduce! Have you ever thought of the one burning question to all of this nonsense you spout? Why? Why would they make something like this up? Why has science proven beyond ALL reasonable doubt we live on a globe? Of course all science is wrong and you bunch of Dunning Kruger fools are right though I guess?

@@zeffie
Please tell us more about your thoeries!

In Science nothing is known until you actually see it and have real data from experiments. Before this picture it was partly only theory even though this theory now proves to be much more likely to be right or „known“. That’s the difference.

I could laugh at this for ages

Ya, I just image searched "galaxys largest B-hole" and...science is weird. Do not recommend. I get why NASA was defunded.

Of course there's bias

@@matttzzz2 There is bias selected to reflect the character of the data we've received. This is basically a statistical map, like that of an electron cloud around an atom. It even looks very similar!
There is another phenomenon that is 3D but images in a 2D manner like Sagittarius A* and that is a planetary nebula. This happens when a star, which has been fusing hydrogen lacks enough hydrogen above the fusion shell to sustain hydrogen. However, the helium inside the fusion shell has enough mass to fuse helium. Or perhaps the hydrogen shell is still fusing but the helium core "ignites." That's a Dr Becky clarification waiting to happen. The fusion of helium is so much more energetic than hydrogen that its energy blows the remaining hydrogen shell off the star into space, causing a shell, modified by the magnetic field lines of the star.
This, except at the poles, is a sphere of gas around the star, but if we're looking from the direction of its ecliptic, from the side, we see a ring of bright material around the star. We don't see the material on our side of the nebula. That's because we look through a lot more gas when looking at the edges than we do looking straight on. It naturally looks MUCH brighter there, making what appears to be a 2D ring, even though what's really happening is a 3D shell, just like on Sagittarius A*. Google search for M57, the Ring Nebula, for a perfect example.

Spinning stuff tends to form disks not spheres. This is why the galaxy and our solar system are flat too. Basically if things start orbiting at different angles they will collide and interact until only their net angular momentum remains and you get a disk shape.

@@englishmuffinpizzas That doesn't seem to be the case. In planetary moons, gas giants tend to have a small collection of inner moons that orbit in the plane of the planet's equator. But outside of that there is a spheroidal arrangement of moons orbiting at random inclinations: hundreds sometimes. These are also mixed between prograde and retrograde orbits. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are all characterized that way with many dozens of moons orbiting at different angles and directions.
Galaxies seem to be similar, and Dr Becky could clarify. The younger galaxies seem to be spirals, and they tend to remain spirals even after gobbling smaller galaxies, as the Milky Way did after assimilating Gaia Enceladus 3 billion years or so ago. But the really monster galaxies, like M86 and M87 are all elliptical galaxies with stars orbiting the nucleus in all directions, producing, as a whole, a spherical cloud of moons.
Galactic star clusters also tend to be globular when they are in high inclination, randomly oriented orbits outside the main disk of the galaxy.
So regardless of scale, small associations seem to sort out in disks. Over a certain threshold, we see a globular arrangement with random inclinations and orbital directions.

@@RockinRobbins13 The key link you're missing is that we can only see the accretion disk because it's hot from collisions between objects/particles orbiting the black hole. (It's not actually thermal emission at the observed frequencies, I think the matter is a plasma and we see the free electrons interacting with a magnetic field, but the point is it needs to be hot.) So while there probably is a spherical shell of matter around the black hole further out, the only stuff we can see is the stuff which is close enough to be dominated by the exact kinds of collisions and interactions that tend to form disks out of spinning clumps of matter. Any matter in a spherical shell would necessarily be cold and therefore not emit much light.

I haven't watched the video yet, but in the simulations, the bright spots are just random parts of the gas cloud that light up when they spin around the black hole

Emission come from center not the horizon

It was likely taken during a period of ocular eclipse with a shortwave gamma Ray

Maybe that is already the case but we just don’t know yet. It takes 26000 years for this information to get to us…

@@misterphmpg8106 Let's hope Sgr A* stays on a diet for a very long time or at least never points in our direction to sterilize all life as we know it.

It seems to be a likely explanation. As the Sgr A* black hole spins like a spinning top toy with axial precession, its jets during more active feeding phases would wobble and blow out matter into shapes like the Fermi bubbles.

Great question!

Good question, Andrew. The material we see jetting away from black holes never crosses the Event Horizon; they are particles that are interacting with the magnetic field of the Black Hole and being supercharged and ejected away at a significant fraction the speed of light. They originate from within the accretion disk of the Black Hole, but not the direct singularity itself

@@gazmodo1192 It is a very easy-to-understand explanation! Thanks!

Didn't she just answer that in the video. Like a good portion of the video was explaining that the answer is no.

She didn't really address it directly, but if the orientation of the spin axis can vary a lot that definitely suggests that at least some black holes probably have their spin axis flipped partially or all the way over so they rotate "backwards".
But I don't think it's actually possible to tell which direction the black holes are spinning from normal observations, since the jets come out of both the north and south poles. It might take an image like these ones from the EHT to determine that, and I don't think there are many other black holes in range that we can actually observe them with the EHT.

Resonance is a common astrophysical phenomenon that may cause exactly that.

@@hevysmokerX Yep, mutual

Black holes are electrically neutral and don't have magnetic fields as far as I know. And you can't apply torque with gravity alone. Maybe the accretion disk can change orientation, but not the black hole itself. It preserves the angular momentum (including direction) of whatever was that formed it.

The chage of the Black Hole will be essentially zero, perhaps, the accretion disk will heat to become a plasma (mostly electrons and protons) because of mass differential it may be that that protons are more likely to cross the swartzchild radius, in which case it could have an inate magnetic field. In any event the plasma itself may have a manetic field. It's possible that the event horizon may not be exactly spherical, if spin is sufficient, it may be more of an oblate sphereoid. My knowlege of General Relativity is not great, so I may be wrong.

@@leogama3422 While it is expected the black hole should through charge imbalances quickly equalize out The spin axis of a black hole does however interact with its environment via frame dragging and the ergosphere which does mean there is a real opportunity for angular momentum exchange via electromagnetic interactions at least while material is infalling onto the black hole. This would likely mainly result in the interchange of angular momentum with infalling material from the galaxy and the supermassive black hole which given enough time might be expected to average out their spin values but I suspect that this process may take too long for it to be observationally relevant given the current age of the universe.
As for an interesting if somewhat more speculative idea I have heard about it is possible that the decoupling of the electroweak force may have caused magnetic monopoles to collapse into seed black holes (i.e. fall behind an event horizon) in the dense hot Early universe which could in principal be an avenue to lead to supermassive black holes forming early on and seeding galaxies etc. If this was the case it could result in supermassive black holes that didn't collide enough to cancel out magnetic antipoles exactly inheriting that unbalanced magnetic monopole especially if this interaction was also subject to matter antimatter asymmetry in which case you might have a net *magnetic* charge for such supermassive black holes. This is a pretty big stretch but the possibility can't be ruled out and accumulated magnetic charges from monopoles might result in weird effects.

It would be absolutely useless. Do 3 seconds of research on JWST to figure out why

@@matttzzz2 or stop being a wannabe know-it-all ass-hat and tell us....