Your Body Killed Cancer 5 Minutes Ago

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  • 게시일 2023. 05. 08.
  • Sources & further reading: sites.google.com/view/sources...
    This video was partially financed by Gates Ventures.
    If you want to support this channel and get something nice in return check out our shop: kgs.link/shop-176
    Somewhere in your body, your immune system just quietly killed one of your own cells, stopping it from becoming cancer, and saving your life. It does that all the time. The vast majority of cancer cells you develop will be killed without you ever noticing. Which is an incredibly hard job because of what cancer cells are: parts of yourself that start to behave as individuals even if it hurts you.
    What is cancer and how does your body kill it all the time?
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댓글 • 11K

  • @kurzgesagt
    @kurzgesagt  11 개월 전 +3209

    Sources & further reading: sites.google.com/view/sources-cancervsimmune/
    This video was partially financed by Gates Ventures.
    If you want to support this channel and get something nice in return check out our shop: kgs.link/shop-176

  • @orionfacts
    @orionfacts 11 개월 전 +26073

    the animation team really needs an applause

  • @OmarAbouelazz
    @OmarAbouelazz 11 개월 전 +21645

    I'm an immunologist and I've worked on immunotherapy research to fight cancer, I know all of this and yet I would've never presented it as well as you did, thank you for making knowledge accessible and fun whilst still being accurate enough! Love your channel.

    • @smaakjeks
      @smaakjeks 11 개월 전 +588

      Thanks for adding a stone to the foundations of knowledge!

    • @lastlife8792
      @lastlife8792 11 개월 전 +363

      Just wanted to pop in and say thank you for all you do, keep up the good fight.

    • @Guilhem34
      @Guilhem34 11 개월 전 +221

      @Don't Read My Profile Picture we won’t

    • @Guilhem34
      @Guilhem34 11 개월 전 +54

      @Omar I work in this field too and it is clearly very well presentation.

    • @tedkrapf1302
      @tedkrapf1302 11 개월 전 +59

      Thank you for all that you do Omar, it's front line warriors like yourself that are going to eventually turn the tide on cancer.

  • @milesinwyatteandcora
    @milesinwyatteandcora 11 개월 전 +1266

    Idk why but it really makes you appreciate your body even more. It's almost like your body is like your best friend or a wingman always got your back until it's overwhelmed

    • @nickmorzinski5558
      @nickmorzinski5558 11 개월 전 +104

      Billions of years of trial and error are fighting to keep you alive, and that's pretty cool.

    • @Inkkari9
      @Inkkari9 10 개월 전

      Yet people took and governments pushed for a new type of untested vaccine for flu 😑

    • @SmD-ff5xd
      @SmD-ff5xd 10 개월 전 +51

      There's no duality here, you ARE your body. You've got your own back :)

    • @razgvozd
      @razgvozd 10 개월 전 +8

      Cancer is evolution mutation. We do bad to each other and evolve from bad. Body tries to adapt to the bad, but sometimes fail to survive doing so. I hope in near future people will start harvesting cancer in labs and use it for good things.

    • @zacksefchick9535
      @zacksefchick9535 10 개월 전 +12

      ​@Harper Moore they did develop with a cause yes but that doesn't need an intelligent designer. Evolution isn't an engineer working to make specific things it's just an accumulation of billions of years of little changes that happened to make a person.

  • @BlackGryph0n
    @BlackGryph0n 11 개월 전 +3000

    I couldn't help but imagine a movie or show where the main character is one of those classic rebel heroes, running from special agents and fighting to dismantle the system that forces everyone to do their assigned job and toe the line... Only to find out that our "hero" is a cancer cell, the "system" is a human body, and the "special agents" are T-cells from the immune system... Would really be a mind-bender! LOVED this episode!!

    • @FCTouhou
      @FCTouhou 11 개월 전 +310

      There is Cells at Work!

    • @zaierkaelt.villas6327
      @zaierkaelt.villas6327 11 개월 전 +112

      Really sounds like the matrix.

    • @xmarkclx
      @xmarkclx 11 개월 전 +30

      The MP will have to multiply a lot. That would be a lot of CGI or actors.

    • @BlackGryph0n
      @BlackGryph0n 11 개월 전 +135

      @@xmarkclx not necessarily… the main character could begin “freeing” other prisoners until he has an army. Close enough for creative license.

    • @xmarkclx
      @xmarkclx 11 개월 전 +39

      @@BlackGryph0n Sounds like the plot of the Matrix.

  • @Walter-gi9bz
    @Walter-gi9bz 11 개월 전 +5158

    I have a PhD in cancer research and this is the best ‘nut shell’ explanation and visualisation I have ever come across. Well done team!

    • @hotpinkkt
      @hotpinkkt 11 개월 전 +272

      I was originally going into cancer research but didn't because there are so many researchers on it so I instead am going for autoimmune disease research. I'm currently getting my PhD in microbiology, immunology and virology and hope to work at the CDC one day. I agree, this video was well done. Immunology is so fascinating and so complicated and they explained it so well and so simply.

    • @ihaveabacpac
      @ihaveabacpac 11 개월 전 +126

      @@hotpinkkt love seeing these comments.. good luck to all your future endeavors.. the human race is counting on you. :)

    • @blood.of.fenrir5575
      @blood.of.fenrir5575 11 개월 전

      ​@@ihaveabacpac no we don't. We count on ecologist and economs, these two will just make people less dying and we will destroy planet.

    • @azzamsa7yt109
      @azzamsa7yt109 11 개월 전 +26

      Let’s hope you don’t get assassinated by the CIA yeah

    • @SchoolVideosGoHere
      @SchoolVideosGoHere 11 개월 전 +7

      Question for you then: can Natural Killer Cells and T Cells go rogue? Or is it that neither of them can undergo mitosis so it's not an issue?

  • @terateak6903
    @terateak6903 11 개월 전 +3755

    As a cancer cell, thank you for explaining it much better than we can ever do!

    • @holysong2099
      @holysong2099 11 개월 전 +82

      Lol, I see what you did there.

    • @taehyungshands
      @taehyungshands 11 개월 전 +18

      @@holysong2099 i dont so can you pls explain

    • @valinshyr3244
      @valinshyr3244 11 개월 전 +111

      @@taehyungshandso many people claiming to be someone who already knew about the info in the vid and then just saying that the vid was good. I saw so many people start their comment on this video with “as a ______ myself…” or som like that

    • @debariesai
      @debariesai 11 개월 전 +46

      @@taehyungshands I guess he means that humans behave like cancer cells. Screw teamwork, I'll do and take what I want, when I want it.

    • @usernameaeaeaea
      @usernameaeaeaea 11 개월 전 +4

      You can only explain it once tho

  • @josesebastian3852
    @josesebastian3852 11 개월 전 +92

    I've been fighting cancer for almost 5 years its been a struggle. I've done so much chemotherapy and it wasn't able to kill the cancer off. It came back after a year later, i fought it off 3 times. i recently went through surgery and with that its going away so i can finally say im done with cancer.😊

    • @TheArtDev
      @TheArtDev 10 개월 전 +9

      Congrats on defeating cancer

    • @gugmatips2247
      @gugmatips2247 5 개월 전 +4

      Congrats this comment is underated

    • @Son_Goku_DBsuper
      @Son_Goku_DBsuper 2 개월 전 +9

      I heard you beat cancer, you must be pretty strong
      btw congrats

    • @computerfastrepair
      @computerfastrepair 개월 전 +1

      I'm no doctor boo but I'm thinking it's not the cancer...its actually U

  • @awesomehpt8938
    @awesomehpt8938 11 개월 전 +2538

    It’s so tragic that just one failure to destroy a cancerous cell can lead to someone’s death.

    • @1urie1
      @1urie1 11 개월 전 +473

      It's more like a stacking combination of failures.

    • @meedrowh1809
      @meedrowh1809 11 개월 전 +84

      @@1urie1 But that's the first step

    • @agps4418
      @agps4418 11 개월 전 +198

      the worst part is that its slow, effectively turning the person's life into a pity show, and financial food for the big pharma

    • @halleffect5439
      @halleffect5439 11 개월 전 +33

      Yes, one unlucky wrong molecul is enough to end us.

    • @ginnyjollykidd
      @ginnyjollykidd 11 개월 전 +69

      Like they said, it has to do with erosion of DNA copy fidelity in many cases. The cell does a lot of self-corrective work, but that can only help so much.
      But when cancer appears, there are so many different kinds of treatments these days than there were back in the 1970's. There are so many different styles of chemo, some that even don't cause your hair to fall out! (I never knew just how much my hair was a part of my identity till it fell out. And how joyful I was when it came back!)

  • @iodinex64
    @iodinex64 11 개월 전 +2366

    As a natural killer cell, thank you so much for the positive representation in this video!

    • @xletix69
      @xletix69 11 개월 전

      True, natural killer cells are so often misrepresented by mass media, no wonder people have prejudices. We need more natural killer cell representation!!!

    • @notjohnbrown6740
      @notjohnbrown6740 11 개월 전

      A

    • @nemidoonam6963
      @nemidoonam6963 11 개월 전 +14

      No need to thank me

    • @romeoeee
      @romeoeee 11 개월 전 +28

      omg me cancer cell plz dont kill me

    • @EroticOnion23
      @EroticOnion23 11 개월 전 +16

      Basically the inquisition in W40K...😅

  • @Iris-vd6tt
    @Iris-vd6tt 10 개월 전 +227

    The fact that in school I was almost falling asleep listening to the slides the teachers made about this, but when I watch this video I never even thought of clicking off and was interested the whole time. Massive round of applause to the animation team and the person who’s speaking.

    • @MSN539
      @MSN539 7 개월 전 +9

      Yeah this guy has 21M subs for a reason he’s cracked the formula for people with short attention spans

    • @colbyr7811
      @colbyr7811 5 개월 전 +1

      Is your teacher hot tho? If schools only hired hot teachers, we would've paid more attention. I definitely paid attention during Mrs. Momoko Russell's class

  • @hahaxd1236
    @hahaxd1236 7 개월 전 +23

    If you think you are alone, remember there is always someone who fights for you

  • @gideonotashu
    @gideonotashu 11 개월 전 +3508

    As a T-cell, thanks a bunch for bringing such recognition to my colleague. It was well deserved. We work hard everyday killing to stay alive.

  • @TodayiAteMyCat
    @TodayiAteMyCat 11 개월 전 +778

    Whenever you feel useless, remember that one white blood cell is fighting it's hardest for your life

    • @billcipher4368
      @billcipher4368 11 개월 전

      Wait is our body a dictatorship
      And our t cells are the thought police
      And the cancer cells are rebellious anarchist?

    • @anaispeyron719
      @anaispeyron719 11 개월 전 +22

      Your comment put a smile on my face :)

    • @vladimirglutentag1469
      @vladimirglutentag1469 11 개월 전 +44

      That poor little guy, now I’m a burden to my cells and a burden to trillions more outside of my body, and he has to put up with that.

    • @hermandegreat4168
      @hermandegreat4168 11 개월 전 +4

      he can stop fighting

    • @timofeifilippov9558
      @timofeifilippov9558 11 개월 전 +10

      The problem is he fighting and me wasting his fight😂

  • @mm-ez6xn
    @mm-ez6xn 11 개월 전 +24

    I really appreciate how you've taken constructive criticism to heart. Instead of being really defensive you guys have taken the people calling you "propaganda" and used their feedback to grow.

    • @Cube_Box
      @Cube_Box 6 개월 전 +3

      Oh I remember that debacle that's occured a while back
      wdym grow tho? by showing their sponsors more clearly or?

  • @RandomIdiot1
    @RandomIdiot1 5 개월 전 +2227

    Words cant express my gratitude for igrotum. Its providing relief and healing during a challenging time.

  • @ntrakstudio
    @ntrakstudio 10 개월 전 +17

    I can’t express how amazing this channel is. It deserves its own TV show on streaming services

  • @LarvaTubaShow
    @LarvaTubaShow 11 개월 전 +1116

    The level of mind numbingly complex processes our bodies do to keep us alive at any given moment is just legendary

    • @bigchungu7698
      @bigchungu7698 11 개월 전 +47

      Biology: How complicated do you want your body?
      Human cells: Y E S

    • @aliyaf9869
      @aliyaf9869 11 개월 전 +6

      And then there’s my body attacking it’s own army 😂

    • @kyleebrahim8061
      @kyleebrahim8061 11 개월 전 +3

      Makes one feel less nihilistic

    • @paulmichaelfreedman8334
      @paulmichaelfreedman8334 11 개월 전 +9

      All hail evolution!

    • @PikaPluff
      @PikaPluff 11 개월 전 +2

      ive just been looking into autism and a whole list of other neurological / chromosonal disorders today, and wow. It's so complex.

  • @projectmc15
    @projectmc15 11 개월 전 +1654

    I’m a Medical Lab Scientist and you just taught me a whole chapter of immunology as good as my professor did in under 9 minutes

    • @theyxaj
      @theyxaj 11 개월 전 +23

      The book is great! It's called Immune.

    • @pattyspanker8955
      @pattyspanker8955 11 개월 전 +4

      Regretting the degree yet?

    • @projectmc15
      @projectmc15 11 개월 전 +16

      @@pattyspanker8955 not really, would like to augment my degree with something related to programming. MLS jobs pay good but I feel like it would become obsolete 10 yrs from now.

    • @Sarlat7
      @Sarlat7 11 개월 전 +3

      @@projectmc15 Hey, I'm just a random person curious about your field. Why do you feel like it will become obsolete in 10 years? Do you mean automation or something?

    • @archlectoryarvi2873
      @archlectoryarvi2873 11 개월 전 +2

      ​@@Sarlat7 dropping a comment because I'm curious as well

  • @valerious_
    @valerious_ 11 개월 전 +17

    I have always been really scared of getting cancer ever since I first learned it was a thing as very young child. This video was very interesting and educational, and now I’m not as scared anymore. Thank you :)

  • @dottiegillespie8067
    @dottiegillespie8067 11 개월 전 +9

    I don't know why I just discovered your channel today. I love knowledge and I am always searching it out. Anyway, you guys rock and I am so excited to binge your channel today!! Thank you

  • @Th3unkownguy4113
    @Th3unkownguy4113 11 개월 전 +2477

    As a forklift operator and warehouse associate i couldn’t have presented the topic on immunology this well! Great job team!

  • @GammaRayven
    @GammaRayven 11 개월 전 +1696

    Big round of applause to our immune systems for keeping us alive. I wouldn't have made it this far without you buddy.

    • @swolltron
      @swolltron 11 개월 전 +56

      Take care of your immune system, so it can take care of you! ❤❤

    • @darklord8793
      @darklord8793 11 개월 전 +17

      I love immume system

    • @HBDiniz10
      @HBDiniz10 11 개월 전 +22

      Your immune system is you! Thank yourself

    • @cliniclown8786
      @cliniclown8786 11 개월 전 +9

      The immune system is infinitely complex it seems sometimes

    • @GammaRayven
      @GammaRayven 11 개월 전 +23

      @@cliniclown8786 When we look to the distances of the sky we see a beautiful universe ripe for exploration and discovery, we look within ourselves and find an equally beautiful and complex world full of questions to be asked and answered. Given time these infinits may one day be tamed.

  • @josephmartos
    @josephmartos 11 개월 전 +5

    Wow, the effort and dedication you guys put in these videos is just more than amazing. thank you so much. keep going.

  • @malycar1707
    @malycar1707 5 개월 전

    Wow the concepts seeped in so well, love how the music also keep things hyped up, your work is truly appreciated !

  • @YiannicL
    @YiannicL 11 개월 전 +2216

    As a PhD student in Genetics, I knew most of the information in this video, but the way it is presented it is exceptionally good. First year undergrad students would understand more from this video than from a 2-hour lecture.

    • @mattiarubio3240
      @mattiarubio3240 11 개월 전 +4

      Prove it

    • @LuisSierra42
      @LuisSierra42 11 개월 전 +90

      ​@@mattiarubio3240 why would they have to do that? You don't have to believe it and whether that person is saying the truth or not, doesn't change the contents of the video

    • @josipj705
      @josipj705 11 개월 전 +9

      I am interested in genetics as a career, can i ask you what your job is like, how hard is it to get a phd in this area, and what country you work in?

    • @jgames2831
      @jgames2831 11 개월 전 +19

      Good explanation, I am a FOURTH GRADER.
      Yes, you heard(or saw) me right. FOURTH GRADER
      And guess what? I understood this video PERFECTLY

    • @LiebeLeuchten
      @LiebeLeuchten 11 개월 전 +8

      But the thing is, these videos are literally the peak of teaching, entertaining, well nade and fact checked, the amount of labour and money these cost is alot. Its not exactly and easier way

  • @Alien_Lessons
    @Alien_Lessons 11 개월 전 +3093

    It always amazed my mind how impossibly complex our immune system is.

    • @thithi8793
      @thithi8793 11 개월 전 +18

      ok

    • @M33f3r
      @M33f3r 11 개월 전 +117

      Biological systems are an order of magnitude more complex than digital ones for now at least.

    • @AxmPlays
      @AxmPlays 11 개월 전

      Well it doesn't do shit it killed my pancreas cells that produce insulin (type 1 diabetes) and i'm sick every day

    • @Stierenkloot
      @Stierenkloot 11 개월 전 +29

      It’s complex only relative to our ability to comprehend

    • @abookmazen
      @abookmazen 11 개월 전 +36

      Exactly! Yet people credit "evolution"

  • @EthanPrimeElementalist
    @EthanPrimeElementalist 10 개월 전 +1

    It is so great to see your channel grow and I was just a watcher since you had 1m subs. keep up the good work

  • @user-lb3eu4wv6z
    @user-lb3eu4wv6z 9 개월 전 +22

    the animation team really needs an applause. It always amazed my mind how impossibly complex our immune system is..

  • @TimeBucks
    @TimeBucks 11 개월 전 +928

    This video really explains cancer well

  • @n9fear778
    @n9fear778 11 개월 전 +1852

    As someone who's survived cancer at a young age, even after when you're in remission you feel so scared and hopeless. As if it's still looming over you, hearing the advancements were making in fighting cancer really makes me feel hopeful. I hope there will be a day where cancer is treated like the common cold, the hopelessness it causes is so unbearable.

    • @calebowens1097
      @calebowens1097 11 개월 전 +17

      @@magnumopus1628 you’ve got me interested in this idea. As much as scientists who love classification hate mushrooms, I agree that mushrooms are a gift from God, and I will be sure to spread awareness of this. (If I can hold onto this bit of knowledge, that is. My memory is absolutely SHIT! It sucks…)
      Edit: if you have any research to point to regarding mushrooms’ ability to restore memory-abilities, please, please PLEEEEASE send it my way. My wife and I would be forever in your debt. Oh, and you got yourself a subscriber, if only to have a tag on my account to associate with yours.

    • @h4xx_1
      @h4xx_1 11 개월 전 +14

      @@Hyunjoojoo …

    • @duchuynhvuong1733
      @duchuynhvuong1733 11 개월 전

      ok

    • @thetotallyrealsusie
      @thetotallyrealsusie 11 개월 전

      @@h4xx_1 why the …

    • @M33f3r
      @M33f3r 11 개월 전 +12

      @@calebowens1097 whatever you’re replying to is gone but the idea of mushrooms fighting cancer is great

  • @nunua2077
    @nunua2077 9 개월 전 +2

    My 14 years old boy is a huge fan of all your videos. He has leaned so much and he finds the Immune System amazing, your book is one of his favourites. We wanted to ask if you could make a video about ultra-processed food. We are hearing so much information about that but we know your videos are the best way to understand it. Thank you!

  • @BadatStuff
    @BadatStuff 11 개월 전 +814

    My dad's an Immunologist working on various cancers and while he explained most of this stuff to me many times over the years, the way you presented it was still a breath of fresh air

  • @m_jasurbek16
    @m_jasurbek16 7 개월 전 +1

    Just amazing!
    Thanks for providing this much information in this super easy way. With this opportunity, I'm learning new things and exploring new concepts)

  • @zubaer73
    @zubaer73 11 개월 전

    ...........A sumptuous summary...
    The choice of vocabulary and complementary animations Couldn't get any better. Loved the presentation from every aspect❤

  • @Silv3rM4st3r
    @Silv3rM4st3r 11 개월 전 +869

    My father died through bowel cancer almost 10 years ago.
    He carried cancer with him for 4 and a half year before he collapsed.
    It's amazing how a young healthy body can resist to so many dangers but the biggest danger is always inside of us.
    I hope that in my life-time I will see how cancer dies out because far too many people on it.

    • @pngun9839
      @pngun9839 11 개월 전 +64

      my father also passed away recently by pancreatic cancer we found super late because it’s was so hidden.Up until 2 months ago he was looking healthier than ever seeing him fall to it so fast it is scary he was just over 47 and me 17

    • @Khadar2
      @Khadar2 11 개월 전 +40

      ​@@pngun9839I'm sorry for you loss

    • @bladeprincess
      @bladeprincess 11 개월 전 +5

      ​@@pngun9839 ❤❤

    • @bladeprincess
      @bladeprincess 11 개월 전 +2

      💗💗

    • @creativename.
      @creativename. 11 개월 전 +1

      Dam

  • @skenzyme81
    @skenzyme81 11 개월 전 +739

    The really impressive thing about this video is the EDITING. As a molecular biologist, I can only imagine how many drafts you went through to cut it down to 9 minutes. Much had to be left out, but you got the STORY bang on with enough detail to entice people to learn more. Bravo!

  • @dakshbadal7522
    @dakshbadal7522 10 개월 전

    I really like the bunch of cancer related videos you guys have posted. Thank you .

  • @revrandy26
    @revrandy26 8 개월 전 +5

    Thank you Kurzgesagt for reminding us the importance of our body. We always took them for granted, and really need to appreciate what was happening inside and learn better to take care of it.

  • @metroidnerd9001
    @metroidnerd9001 11 개월 전 +800

    The mentioning of Cancer coming from viruses like HPV is quite important because we have a vaccine for HPV. The cancers it causes are very uncommon in those who don't contract HPV, so the vaccine essentially serves as a vaccine against cancer. Incredible stuff!

    • @funnymonkeycomment1172
      @funnymonkeycomment1172 11 개월 전 +21

      Man as soon as he mentioned HPV I freaked out. I have a wart under my toe that went undetected for a while until now. I knew they were caused by viruses but I never knew they were a cancer. Thank god I discovered this video.

    • @orlandodanielgonzalezalcar3360
      @orlandodanielgonzalezalcar3360 11 개월 전

      But vakzinez ar bad

    • @duwhuxd
      @duwhuxd 11 개월 전 +10

      @@funnymonkeycomment1172 you really should go to a doctor immediately! If it is cancer, you must get to it and try to treat it before it infects more parts of your body

    • @exmerion
      @exmerion 11 개월 전 +10

      @@funnymonkeycomment1172 HPV you find on your hands an feet aren't the ones you need to worry about.

    • @CompoundingTime
      @CompoundingTime 11 개월 전 +10

      Glad I opted to get it when I was in the military. Had no clue about that benefit, I just like free stuff.

  • @user-xf9ih4nx3k
    @user-xf9ih4nx3k 4 개월 전

    i sincerely thank you! my 10yo daughter love your animation and explanation so much she will share with me each content everytime, that just proves your explanation is so clear and easy to understand. again thank you so much. 🙇🏼‍♀️🙇🏼‍♀️🫰🏻🫰🏻

  • @borond
    @borond 10 개월 전

    unbelievably high quality, and even more unbelievable that it's ABSOLUTELY free, thank you so much :D - a broke but curious student

  • @sentinelk9
    @sentinelk9 11 개월 전 +578

    I'm a doctor. I wish this video existed when I was learning about cancer in med school. Great way to start explaining it. Two thumbs up to the animators, the researchers and the teachers among you that translated it all for us

    • @PineappleOnPizza69
      @PineappleOnPizza69 11 개월 전 +8

      *You can appreciate the video without lying dude*

    • @thegahd
      @thegahd 11 개월 전 +6

      This is far from what you need to know in med school.. Far from it. This is what you can read on the first page of a 100 page chapter

    • @deviladvocate21
      @deviladvocate21 11 개월 전 +28

      @@thegahd well, they do say "great way to start explaining it" aka the first page

    • @watts18269
      @watts18269 11 개월 전

      More proof that you can post the most innocuous thing ever, and shitheads will still reply regardless. Lol.

    • @MossyMozart
      @MossyMozart 11 개월 전

      @@PineappleOnPizza69 - Oh, come on. Assume no harm.

  • @OmerAsh
    @OmerAsh 11 개월 전 +803

    As a medical student, the human body never ceases to amaze me. Everyday, I learn something new about the human body that blows my mind. It feels like our bodies are an entire universe.

  • @agenti4734
    @agenti4734 11 개월 전 +4

    Thank you Kurzgesagt for these immune system vids. They help me understand my immunology course much better.

  • @tragus
    @tragus 10 개월 전 +1

    your video delves into the fascinating world of cancer and the relentless work of our immune system in combating it. It highlights the incredible ability of our body's defenses to recognize and eliminate cancer cells, providing valuable insights into the ongoing battle within us to maintain our health and well-being.

  • @Galactiger
    @Galactiger 11 개월 전 +914

    As someone who has cancer, I'm grateful that this video was made. It seems like, even with awareness campaigns, many don't have enough information on what cancer is.
    Looking forward to Part 2!
    Thank you very much!

    • @Omega3131
      @Omega3131 11 개월 전 +33

      @@plopsan Annual blood tests are good at finding cancers. Additionally, do frequent checkups for specific cancer types, like breast cancer (if you're a woman), prostate cancer etc. according to what is recommended for you.

    • @daviddebroux4708
      @daviddebroux4708 11 개월 전 +32

      @@Omega3131 I'm going to point out that while yes, breast cancer is common in women, it also happens in men, too.

    • @NinjendoPlayz69420
      @NinjendoPlayz69420 11 개월 전 +5

      @Corey Brennan I hope you get better

    • @thatjeff7550
      @thatjeff7550 11 개월 전 +3

      Good luck!

    • @denzeruouji542
      @denzeruouji542 11 개월 전 +2

      Stay strong!

  • @NerdRapper
    @NerdRapper 11 개월 전 +494

    I fought cancer for two years. Thanks to modern advancements in cancer research my treatment was very effective and much less damaging then it could have been. I was lucky enough to have a treatable cancer, and it was hard watching others around me at the cancer center lose to untreatable cancers. I look forward to treatments continuing to improve for all kinds of cancer.

    • @evlogan6543
      @evlogan6543 11 개월 전 +9

      have you tried eating a flint stone gummy

    • @artisttreestudio5989
      @artisttreestudio5989 11 개월 전 +23

      @@evlogan6543 bruh

    • @cmillspa1
      @cmillspa1 11 개월 전 +23

      I bet the cancer died screaming from that royal ass whipping it received. It’s good to hear a happy ending in the world of cancer, thanks for sharing.

    • @AmSeris
      @AmSeris 11 개월 전

      @@magnumopus1628 There are no proven health benefits for Reishi my man. Stop trying to up the market price for something only useful for making bitter tasting tea

    • @mastertru3455
      @mastertru3455 11 개월 전 +2

      @@magnumopus1628damn…

  • @rivkavermeij
    @rivkavermeij 11 개월 전

    This explains itnso well! As always. Well done 👍

  • @Love2runbarrels
    @Love2runbarrels 7 개월 전 +1

    LOVE watching you vids!! I’ve watched you for many years now and your vids have sparked such a love for learning new things ❤ keep making videos, never stop

  • @itsthequenchiest5072
    @itsthequenchiest5072 11 개월 전 +485

    As an individual who took AP Biology a few years ago in high school, this video better explained the concept of cancer in 10 minutes than that class did in 2 weeks 💀

    • @farhanvalummel7258
      @farhanvalummel7258 11 개월 전 +18

      As a person who's studying biology at college, this video explained the concept of cancer in 10 minutes better than any professor ever could 💀

    • @HuyV
      @HuyV 11 개월 전 +25

      @@farhanvalummel7258 As an engineer who already finished university, this video gave an amazing overview of cancer, but teaches you nothing substantial enough to actually start doing cancer research.
      Thing is.... These scienc-y youtube videos and lectures in educational institutions do two entirely different things. One gives you a rough idea of what a topic is about in a fun way to get you interested and raise awareness. The other teaches you the nitty gritty details of a topic so you can actually become an active contributor in that field.
      You won't become a cancer researcher by watching 5 youtube videos I'm afraid.

    • @madmoneymike2362
      @madmoneymike2362 11 개월 전 +14

      @@HuyV Thank you, Captain Obvious

    • @theholycarp8044
      @theholycarp8044 11 개월 전

      My AP bio test was yesterday

    • @kalebestevez5963
      @kalebestevez5963 11 개월 전

      bro really thought he was the only one in AP bio

  • @josephthompson9016
    @josephthompson9016 11 개월 전 +894

    Way to go, body! Keep it up 👍

  • @enzomerz9044
    @enzomerz9044 2 개월 전

    one of the best episodes so far! I always live to see you guys explore the immune system it always facinattes me!

  • @desertrose873
    @desertrose873 9 개월 전

    Wow, short and sweet. Very informative. Love your work.

  • @u12nnas
    @u12nnas 11 개월 전 +210

    I am a scientist and I am genuinely impressed by how well you have presented this topic. It is both in depth enough that people will find it interesting and not so dense that it will confuse the average person! Well done Kurzgesagt!

    • @Chop7264
      @Chop7264 11 개월 전

      Can you make cure for cancer

  • @ThePixelCrew2001
    @ThePixelCrew2001 11 개월 전 +598

    As an early cancer researcher, I loved this video! Just being able to watch something you already know put into such good words is just as entertaining. I would love to see future videos on the complexity that the tumour microenvironment brings to this :).

    • @kurzgesagt
      @kurzgesagt  11 개월 전 +293

      Tumor Microenvironment video is already in the works!

    • @A_Chaotic_Neutral
      @A_Chaotic_Neutral 11 개월 전 +30

      New video confirmed!!!

    • @brodoxl
      @brodoxl 11 개월 전 +17

      @@kurzgesagt :D

    • @A_Chaotic_Neutral
      @A_Chaotic_Neutral 11 개월 전

      @Don’t read my profile picture shut up bot

    • @Fleetstreetbestone
      @Fleetstreetbestone 11 개월 전

      @@kurzgesagt I’m not watching this, very disappointed the largest informative channel on KRplus is being sponsored by an evil sociopath

  • @fesyaa8407
    @fesyaa8407 7 개월 전 +1

    Thankyou for this complex but made easy to understand exmplanation! The animation also represents very nicely ❤

  • @sosasroamaccount
    @sosasroamaccount 11 개월 전

    this video's animation goes so hard man appreciate you guys

  • @8-bitnicolai5
    @8-bitnicolai5 11 개월 전 +166

    I always thought cancer was an impossible problem to solve because its virtually untraceable. I had no idea the human body had so many ways to detect them, and that there was a chance we could find a way to prevent it entirely. Outstanding!

    • @SmokeJam
      @SmokeJam 11 개월 전 +12

      there is no chance to prevent it entirely. It is a biproduct of mutations, which are responsible for natural evolution, a never-ending process. Hence cancer will always be a factor as long as we are in some form of a biological body. We can only find better ways to combat it in less generally destructive ways for the body and we might get to a point where we can treat basically any form of cancer, but prevention is simply impossible.

    • @kieranmilner4208
      @kieranmilner4208 11 개월 전

      No that would be the CIA n big pharma lol

    • @memeaccount5898
      @memeaccount5898 11 개월 전 +4

      As it was explained in the video, its an arms race. So I guess we better find a way to arm ourselves better.

    • @derek-64
      @derek-64 11 개월 전 +1

      All it takes is for one cell to go haywire

    • @rnkishi
      @rnkishi 11 개월 전

      what if stopping cancer means stopping evolution of a human being and it will harm more in the long run?

  • @SNUFFGURLL
    @SNUFFGURLL 11 개월 전 +799

    My mother currently has cancer on her brain, and while most of it was thankfully removed, there still needs to be treatment done to remove the rest. This video was very encouraging, in a weird little way. Thanks, Kurzgesagt!

    • @rottenapple_
      @rottenapple_ 11 개월 전

      @@magnumopus1628 nobody wants your misinformation snake oil crap

    • @flamelash1283
      @flamelash1283 11 개월 전 +36

      Good luck on your mother, may the best happen furthermore in your life!

    • @5xlaimanySimba
      @5xlaimanySimba 11 개월 전 +4

      yk youtubes drunk when it says 3 comments but no comments

    • @giangtran-to6tb
      @giangtran-to6tb 11 개월 전 +1

      ok

    • @harton18
      @harton18 11 개월 전 +13

      Pray your mum continues to win the battle

  • @teahazel6267
    @teahazel6267 7 개월 전 +2

    These vids have given me so much more comprehension of cells and microorganisms. I hope one day you cover computers in the same way to show how electrons moving can make games happen, step by step.
    I think this channel makes it so easy to understand for visual learners and the style makes it all easy to focus on, so ye, a deep dive breakdown of computers would really help me get from knowing a bunch of facts to comprehending the system as a whole

  • @ahmedwaleed2687
    @ahmedwaleed2687 10 개월 전

    I appreciate your work guys❤

  • @AfterBurner1025
    @AfterBurner1025 11 개월 전 +304

    As a pediatric oncologist, I really appreciate how this is presented. It’ll be a good resource for our more curious families. Thank you!

    • @magtovi
      @magtovi 11 개월 전 +9

      At first take I read "As a pedantic oncologist", and I was like if he's that self aware he can't be that pedantic 😂
      On the second take I read it correctly and my heart sank a little. Thank you for the work you and your peers do every day, I bet it's not easy.

    • @stevenseufert2520
      @stevenseufert2520 11 개월 전 +5

      Noted: Dr. Mario is a pediatrician.

    • @themotorcyclemasswhole
      @themotorcyclemasswhole 11 개월 전

      As a alumni of the pediatric oncology division of CHOP *I appreciate you*

    • @waerden
      @waerden 11 개월 전

      Damn hey Doctor Mario

    • @AfterBurner1025
      @AfterBurner1025 11 개월 전 +2

      @@magtovi True, it’s tough sometimes, but the kids make it all worth it. The support from our communities is also incredible, we couldn’t do it without y’all. 😊

  • @episodesglow
    @episodesglow 11 개월 전 +499

    I'm a pathologist and I'm still fascinated by cancer and our defenses against it. I hope Kurzgesagt will make a video on DNA repair (another highly fascinating subject of how good our cells are at it)

    • @joebidomereal
      @joebidomereal 11 개월 전 +2

      agreed

    • @ArtflPhenix
      @ArtflPhenix 11 개월 전 +12

      it would be nice if next biology topic would be the opposite of cancers, the autoimmune disease like lupus where your immune system kills you

    • @starlight1697
      @starlight1697 11 개월 전 +4

      You can probably help them make a video as such if you're a qualified pathologist.

    • @MartinWasTaken
      @MartinWasTaken 11 개월 전 +8

      @@ArtflPhenix Autoimmune systems need better advertising, few videos from a channel this size would be nice. Saw someone's life completely fall apart until he died because of this, it can be a slow burn.

    • @ArtflPhenix
      @ArtflPhenix 11 개월 전 +1

      @@starlight1697 I'm not, used to be a pharmacy student though but I'm very bad so i have to change careers. I only know this because one of our presidents/dictator died from this and currently a famous actress in my country has this too, she is still alive for now (coincidentally the actress's father is also the dictator's rival)

  • @absurdimus5169
    @absurdimus5169 10 개월 전 +3

    I'm doing an MSc in cell and molecular biology and recently took a course in cancer biology. Safe to say, it's complicated, just like one's body is! There's so many proteins, signal molecules, epigenetic and microenvironmenal mechanisms, and more at play. Good job for condensing it, but leaving the essential; tumourigenesis!

  • @Gabe1477
    @Gabe1477 2 개월 전

    Something about how they made this makes it so entertaining, the animation and the easy to understand information was so good.

  • @lightningllama
    @lightningllama 11 개월 전 +620

    Wow, as someone who's been in engineering and math for many years now, I often forget how meticulous and robust the design of our own bodies are. What a wonderful way to approach this topic without any prerequisites required as a viewer.

    • @bane2201
      @bane2201 11 개월 전 +15

      Yeah, same! I've been passionate about math all my life, and about CS since 10 years old. I majored in both, but near the end I had to do a ton of research about my medical issues (self-diagnosed a CYP2D6 mutation correctly), and I fell in love with biology. I decided to tack on a biology minor, and I'm hoping I can work in bioinformatics or computational biology.
      I love both CS and math (and want to have hobbies involving both), but the complexity of biology makes all of Google's code combined look like Fizzbuzz.
      Anyway, it's amazing looking down at the sack of meat that supports my brain and just realizing how incredibly complicated it is. 250+ million of my cells died in the time it took me to type this comment.

    • @Ultimita01
      @Ultimita01 11 개월 전 +2

      @@bane2201 You know, a CS major it made me appreciate the complexities of our body and brain even more. Edit: Oh I also got a major in psych for fun lol. That added even more to my appreciation.

    • @pear-zq1uj
      @pear-zq1uj 11 개월 전

      ​@@bane2201 thats one of the things i like about CS, it basically allows you to work in nearly every field out there

    • @carlisclosetedphgt3666
      @carlisclosetedphgt3666 11 개월 전 +2

      why the need of flexing you're a math-ish person 🥱🙄 Wants some cookie?

    • @tomc.5704
      @tomc.5704 11 개월 전

      @@bane2201 Computational biology is fun, but I really love Molecular Biology -- how do these nano-scale biological machines work at the molecular level?

  • @Alxium
    @Alxium 11 개월 전 +421

    I'd love to see a video on Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease. To me, those are way scarier than any cancer. I'd rather die from the inside out than slowly lose my memories and end up dying without having a "lived" a day in my life.
    If I am going to die a slow and painful death, I'd rather be able to cherish my memories and the loved ones around me...

    • @kathakalimandal9292
      @kathakalimandal9292 11 개월 전 +18

      Amen to that.

    • @BiggieChungulus
      @BiggieChungulus 11 개월 전 +61

      Exactly. This is the thing people seem to fail to understand about those diseases. Imagine you're in your 20's or whatever, chillin, and you wake up the next day and you're 88. Something like that.

    • @thiagomacedolinhares5512
      @thiagomacedolinhares5512 11 개월 전 +71

      My grandma passed away few months ago with advanced alzheimer. People often forget that this mental illness isnt just losing memories. After you lose the memories (or they get so scrambled you dont know whats real anymore), then it begins a slow descent into nothingness, where you cant eat, drink or go to the bathroom without help or even talk to your loved ones, then, after severall years being carried, fed and wiped by others, your body turns off and you die painfully (cause you dont have voice to shout your pains to others). Yeah, its way scarier. Take care of your health folks.

    • @DLxxx
      @DLxxx 11 개월 전 +25

      Same! When my Aunt got Alzheimer's, it was so heartbreaking! No one deserves to have their memories stripped away against their will. After a certain point, who they were is effectively already dead.

    • @stormking99
      @stormking99 11 개월 전 +1

      Same

  • @arianeblubb1835
    @arianeblubb1835 4 개월 전

    THIS IS AMAZING CONTENT !! THANK YOU

  • @Hesh.K
    @Hesh.K 9 개월 전

    Our immune system presented and explained in this way gives me back that amazement and wondrous feeling of when I was a kid experiencing something new

  • @DomskiPlays
    @DomskiPlays 11 개월 전 +197

    I held my grandfathers hand yesterday as he died from cancer after fighting it for over a year. The timing of this video is just.. damn

    • @TinaHyde
      @TinaHyde 11 개월 전 +14

      So very sorry for your loss, friend. May your grandfather’s memory be eternal.

    • @user-vd4sn9rj6y
      @user-vd4sn9rj6y 11 개월 전 +5

      Sorry for your lose friend.

    • @joenoodle6914
      @joenoodle6914 11 개월 전 +1

      L

    • @sensora9646
      @sensora9646 11 개월 전 +3

      Damn, bruh that's so sad. May he rest in peace ✌️

    • @spokoloco
      @spokoloco 11 개월 전 +4

      Dont worry, in the next life you will meet him again.

  • @levilivesforjesuschrist
    @levilivesforjesuschrist 11 개월 전 +900

    Let's give thanks to our Natural Killer Cells for protecting from us from cancer ❤

    • @vladimirglutentag1469
      @vladimirglutentag1469 11 개월 전 +47

      -unless of course you are one of the few people whom’s immune system actively tries to kill you.

    • @levilivesforjesuschrist
      @levilivesforjesuschrist 11 개월 전 +16

      @@vladimirglutentag1469 autoimmune disease?

    • @nomoreman
      @nomoreman 11 개월 전 +2

      Well i mean thats their purpose if they aint doing that then they dont matter

    • @LuisSierra42
      @LuisSierra42 11 개월 전 +2

      ​@@vladimirglutentag1469 yep, can't have life without death

    • @Leeyum96969
      @Leeyum96969 11 개월 전 +1

      Yea!

  • @koultcechan
    @koultcechan 6 개월 전

    i can clearly understand this video even though i’m still not fluent in English. Thanks your team for that hard work and very useful and simplified content!

  • @aadityakhanna3871
    @aadityakhanna3871 11 개월 전

    I love this series. I got the IMMUNE and it has me engulfed.

  • @rosalynredwood4542
    @rosalynredwood4542 11 개월 전 +205

    Idk why I teared up watching this, our bodies are so metal ✨ I have cancer survivors in my family and hope we win against it fully ASAP.

    • @praveenranjanlal3839
      @praveenranjanlal3839 11 개월 전 +5

      I thought I was only one getting tears..

    • @pontoancora
      @pontoancora 11 개월 전 +4

      @@praveenranjanlal3839 nope.

    • @ElProcedente
      @ElProcedente 11 개월 전 +1

      How lucky...

    • @SSS_HEX
      @SSS_HEX 11 개월 전 +2

      Wish you fast recovery and strong health 👍

    • @alexs8047
      @alexs8047 11 개월 전

      Tell them to eat 10 apricot dry seeds per day

  • @salmanhusaini7333
    @salmanhusaini7333 11 개월 전 +403

    I am a mechanic and I've never worked on immunotherapy research to fight cancer, I don't know all of this and I would've never presented it as well as you did, thank you for making knowledge accessible and fun whilst still being accurate enough! Love your channel.

  • @Contraddiction
    @Contraddiction 7 개월 전 +1

    I'm a colon cancer survivor. This was the best video I've seen on this topic!

  • @PrabhuRPR
    @PrabhuRPR 11 개월 전 +1

    At 6:07 i loved when they showed 'whole library of proteins' each protein having their own illustration. Such attention to detail.

  • @matriarchofazure7607
    @matriarchofazure7607 11 개월 전 +152

    I've been a fan of your channel for years. Thank you for being such an immune system enthusiast. Years ago, I wondered "Why do we get HIV if we have an immune system?" And I started researching, and found your videos. Ever since, I can't stop reading about everything. Of course, I bought your book too! Thank you for giving me something amazing and complex to hyperfixate on. Truly.

  • @LoLStaticX
    @LoLStaticX 11 개월 전 +96

    I've lost my mom to a cardia cancer, which in fact were the damn 3rd and last cancer she had to fight against (prior to this she had thyroid and bone cancer, one independent of the other). From discovering the cancer to she passing away its only been 6 weeks. I really hope that one day we get rid of this disease once and for all.

    • @Junispro31
      @Junispro31 11 개월 전 +7

      Sadly cancer is a malfunction of the cells, result of many different types of causes. Even if one day we found a treatment that can work for Cancer A, Cancer B might still survive treatment, so on and so forth

    • @deathbringer9893
      @deathbringer9893 11 개월 전

      ​@@Junispro31well one theory is using viruses to kill cancer cells wether it works or not who knows

    • @Shnuksy
      @Shnuksy 11 개월 전 +1

      Lost my mom 1 year ago to it. I'm sorry for your loss.

  • @burnttoast69420
    @burnttoast69420 2 개월 전

    Mad respect and kudos to my cells.

  • @Dan-sc1gr
    @Dan-sc1gr 10 개월 전 +1

    Amazing video. Great job to the animation team. Could you please make more videos like this one

  • @carazy123_
    @carazy123_ 11 개월 전 +32

    7:42 wasn’t expecting to hear “even more metal” on a Kurzgesagt vid lol

  • @tyr844
    @tyr844 11 개월 전 +133

    When I was a children, I lost my mother from cancer. It's very precious for me to understand this thing and seeing the potentiel futur cures at the end make me incredibly hopefull. Thank you for all of this

  • @jasonpena535
    @jasonpena535 10 개월 전 +1

    Incredible work!!

  • @charles.thambiraj
    @charles.thambiraj 15 일 전

    I learnt a lot about cancer thank you so much

  • @maximilianhasenmuller8250
    @maximilianhasenmuller8250 11 개월 전 +196

    As a molecular cell biologist, this is impressive! Could never have conveyed this subject in such an elegant and precise matter, good job!

    • @fearius
      @fearius 11 개월 전 +2

      dont discredit yourself, remember theyre a large team working together for months at a time.

  • @sirmalthe1470
    @sirmalthe1470 11 개월 전 +159

    Damn, my body really started its own civil war

  • @vissaium
    @vissaium 4 개월 전

    Thank you! Top explanation!

  • @sydneylamb8180
    @sydneylamb8180 3 개월 전 +1

    Well my body is fighting nero blastoma ( a form of cancer ) currently i was just diagnosed with it in december 2023 this helped me understand it much more thanks!😊

  • @thunder17159
    @thunder17159 11 개월 전 +134

    A moment of silence for all the people who are fighting cancer today❤️

    • @hitmanabhi007
      @hitmanabhi007 11 개월 전 +10

      A moment for cheer mate not silence. They are fighting it and most WILL win it, the brave people!

    • @carlosfer2201
      @carlosfer2201 11 개월 전 +11

      Technically we all are, all the time.

    • @realdjaykay
      @realdjaykay 11 개월 전 +2

      @@carlosfer2201 exactly

    • @andrewb5894
      @andrewb5894 11 개월 전 +4

      ​@@hitmanabhi007 My mom was brave and still lost. That's a poor statement.

    • @immortal_shrooms6757
      @immortal_shrooms6757 11 개월 전

      @@andrewb5894 im sorry for your loss

  • @pradeepgaur9047
    @pradeepgaur9047 4 개월 전 +1

    Awesome presentation ❤❤

  • @LongHoSyMinh
    @LongHoSyMinh 10 개월 전

    I listen this video day and night, thank you!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

  • @danieldey
    @danieldey 11 개월 전 +144

    We kind of take it for granted, but can we appreciate how beautifully animated these videos are!

  • @hotpinkkt
    @hotpinkkt 11 개월 전 +237

    As an immunologist/microbiologist, you explained this so well. My prof said most cancer is caused by viruses actually because viruses turn off tumor-suppressing genes (p53). MHII molecules are cool as well but that's more of your adaptive immune response whereas MH1 molecules are innate as you described.

    • @Narrator007
      @Narrator007 11 개월 전 +7

      It's actually kind of strange how immunologists chose to name those two structures so similarly (MH1 and MH2), when they are actually so _dissimilar_ in scope and job.
      I understand the similarity in function that led scientists to naming them like that, but I think it was a mistake that made things more confusing to those trying to learn more about this field (among many other strange and unintuitive naming decisions)

    • @noname8354
      @noname8354 11 개월 전 +14

      @@Narrator007 welcome to immunology

    • @deepfakescoverychannel6710
      @deepfakescoverychannel6710 11 개월 전

      That's why it's so important not to eat while you're sick with a virus

    • @supersingular
      @supersingular 11 개월 전

      ​@@deepfakescoverychannel6710we should fast 20 hours a day every day, since we don't always know when we have a virus in our system.

    • @jonharrison3114
      @jonharrison3114 11 개월 전

      @@deepfakescoverychannel6710wait I don’t get it why would we do that

  • @Orebrohkfan
    @Orebrohkfan 7 개월 전

    Thank you cells for saving my life

  • @YaserWest
    @YaserWest 10 개월 전

    Mind blowing, thanks ❤

  • @danielsulistyo3659
    @danielsulistyo3659 11 개월 전 +245

    For anyone who survived cancer, youre a champ, congratulation. For anyone who still fighting it, youre a champ too, dont ever think to give up. And for anyone who become martyr, youre also a champ. You fought really well, you no longer feel pain, and you finally gain a true victory with God up there

  • @xidjazulix
    @xidjazulix 11 개월 전 +318

    Pharmacist here, yall absolutely nailed this. you just explained doctoral level cellular biology and immunology at an extremely digestible level in less than 10 minutes.

    • @frederiktolberg8002
      @frederiktolberg8002 11 개월 전 +16

      This is in no way doctoral level. It's the common "has to know" things in a bachelor Immunology class

    • @xidjazulix
      @xidjazulix 11 개월 전 +7

      @@frederiktolberg8002 Elaborate what necessary doctoral level is missing then that would have made this more "complete" to understand... I understand it is indeed more complicated than this, but not much conceptually.

    • @anilrai7010
      @anilrai7010 10 개월 전

      Thankyou 😊😊😊

    • @frederiktolberg8002
      @frederiktolberg8002 10 개월 전

      @@xidjazulix There is almost no information on molecular interactions or pathways, nor any information on the many subsets of immune cells involved in cancer-fighting. It is a nice brief overview, not a detailed description.

    • @xidjazulix
      @xidjazulix 10 개월 전

      @@frederiktolberg8002 I mean having had a bachelors in biology and chemistry, and immunology at the doctoral level, yes they could have gotten more nuanced with the pathways involved, but they discussed doctoral level concepts in a way that didnt require doctoral understanding to digest and comprehend

  • @cold_warrior
    @cold_warrior 11 개월 전

    I appreciate transparency