Dr. Roy Casagranda is a political science professor in Austin, Texas. If you like this analysis and want more, check out Red Peace Machine weekly news podcast • Red Peace Machine
As an Iraqi from mosul , I am 24 years old. I have lived through most of the events that he was talking about. I feel that I have lived enough, and I feel too old. By the way, he forgot to mention the Iraqi civil war in 2007. But he also mentioned information that I did not know He's a great teacher...
Sorry my guy. As you guys have murderous dictators , and religious zealots. We also have religious zealots, white nationalists, quarter-focused "defense" companies, media propaganda, and political psychopaths who run our government. Most Americans have zero clue about the revolving door of bloodthirsty nutjobs who are intelligencia, financial system "professionals", lobbyists , and career beltway "professionals" who concoct complex policies that an average American cannot understand. People thousand of miles away get murdered over nothing to satisfy unscrupulous intentions.
This is a beaten horse. What more can you really say. We are witnessing a genocide, and ethnic cleansing as it happens. I think he talked about it a few years ago (I think in 2014, don't quote me on that...Dr. Roy saying).
I hope he does talk about it. The more people talk the more chances there are of people listening and making changes. Never stop talking about Palestine.
How can Americans live with themselves after supporting this? I see so much weeping for volunteer American soldiers, and not a single thought is spared for the people those soldiers killed, or whose deaths they supported.
I blame the media. Here in the West we pride ourselves that we have unbiased independent journalism. This is far from the truth. Just like many other things we pride ourselves in.. the elite likes to portray we have the moral high ground but clearly in practice we are largely to blame for a lot of things. The general public are too naive and misplace thier trust on the very instruments in place to uphold justice and tells us the truth.
Americans have always been like this, since the Vietnam war and the Korean war. No thoughts spared for all the Vietnamese people that fell victim to CIA chemical attacks or the people that are still affected by it today. No thoughts spared for all the civilians that died in the bombing(s) of Pyongyang in Korea.
im a muslim Egyptian. i have heard his lectures and was brought to tears. ive never heard any arab muslim so beautifully tell middle eastern history like him before.
Notice a pattern: when this video came out, people in the U.S. were still talking about ISIL. Now it has vanished from all discourse. Similarly, I remember that after the first Iraq invasion, Desert Storm vanished from public discourse, and has never returned. Most of us who lived through that event never heard most of these details at the time, and haven't heard them since (apart from this video). The second Iraq war is also quickly vanishing down the memory hole. This is what it's like to be American: we are a culture of extreme violence, but no memory.
It’s horrible! Yet Islamic civilization was the most tolerant in history since the Prophet (pbuh.) True Sharia law has a lot of mercy and what you see in parts of the Middle East even the Prophet (pbuh) only did a few times. I wish Islam had a better reputation but I WILL say, Muslims are VERY loyal and are probably the last nation to desist from the West and not compromise. May all people be guided to God and do right by one another
Thank you for this incredible lecture. As an American, I have been completely ignorant to the atrocities we committed on Iraq and Iran (watched both : )) Thank you again, I have learned so much from you.
Thank you for your comprehensive, sincere, informative and caring lecture. Great to know there are decent people left on this planet. Zan Zendeghee Azadi
Funny, I was just looking up April Glaspie right before this lecture caught my attention (after watching the one on western civ). The lecture certainly conforms with my understanding of the events, and certainly fills in some too.
I’ve been binge watching these amazing lectures for the past two weeks. A note though, Abadan in arabic does mean never, but the city of Abadan takes its name from persian. The word Abad and Abadan in persian mean prosperous.
I respect the knowledge in your videos and try not to miss any of your new videos. However, the name Iraq is older than 1400 years because it was called Iraq even before Islam. Many saying of Prophet “Mohammad peace be upon him” mentioning Iraq in details. I hope this piece of information is helpful. Thanks!
One mistake that I noticed, the city name Abadan meaning is not never although he is pronouncing it like ابدا which correctly means 'never' as he mentioned the correct city name is عبدان which is a different word the confusion is due to the pronounciation of letters 'ا' and 'ع' is 'a'
Mr Roy Casagranda , A true professor! Thank you. Can someone please put me or him in a jet travel continuum so he can educate the world LOL keep up the great work.
for any of you youngsters and people who were not in the middle east when all this happened, I was born in Egypt in 1997 years after the first American war on Iraq, I heard my father and mother speaking about it so i had little perspectives as well as our president at the time Muhammed Hosni Mubarak said when Saddam invaded Kuwait "This is gonna open the gates of Hell on us in the Arab world". 911 happens and i was just a child, so I ofc had no clue also what's going on, then the invasion of Iraq happens I only saw it on TV with my family, they were very sad, the entire Arab world was in Shock. We were struck by a Trauma that whenever we hear the word American we freak out. WE hated the west at this point, we resented them, They colonized "Destructionized" our nation left it divided into 24 countries, then came back with more destruction and Chaos. 2010 Comes, I am in the 6th Grade a minor civil war happens in my city Al bajour between 4 of the biggest families, all of them brought weapons, gas containers and hell went loose. the police came and things calmed after they gave their word they would fix the bad blood peacefully and head home, then bam they hit a police officer, word was sent to the governate main police station, 2 big police Vans filled with those shield carrying troops with sticks came, they literally stopped 3 streets away from the fight, went out of their trucks you could hear their organized foot hits on the ground from that distance, and they would do 4 Steps then yell very loud this "Haaah", in less than 3 minutes the 4 families were surrounded, and got beaten so hard, i freaked out at that sight of the troops and ran away, my house was literally less than a minute walking, just in the next street XD. they sent them to jail ofc. 2011 comes, and Jan 25th 2011 hits i was in the 1st year of my prep school (middle school) was about 12 years old or so the shit day where the Arab spring(Arab autumn more like it) hit us "it was so systematic as it happened in all these arab states in a weird systematic way u can tell the intelligence of many nations planned it", Mohammed Hosni Mubarak could see what's happening so he stepped aside as a president and put himself under the justice system saying "History will give its witness about me and others with what's for us and what's against us" and stopped a civil war like that in libya and syria from happening to Egypt. WE fell under the Rule of a terrorist organization called "Muslim brotherhood" an organization made by the British intelligence when they evacuated from Egypt "they never left without leaving a permanent disease that would benefit them on the long run" till this day btw that organization is supported and hosted by the UK. that organization was as bad as ISIL (ISIS), we went on a revolution in 2014 against them to over throw them and we elected our current president Abdulfattah Al Sisi, an intelligence genius and a military man who studied what a country means for 20 years, he took us out of chaos and did lead the fight against them and terrorism in Sinai. Now back to the point and I know this is long, but you know when ISIL hit the middle east, I felt as though I was without cover without safety, like I was drowning in a lake in the middle of the night where it is not only impossible to breathe but also to see. The MBH (Muslim Brotherhood) the other side of the ISIL Coin did the same exact horrible acts to us they did to the Iraqis and Syrians, but luckily we had an army and a police, and we still had what the professor called "a state organization" or a half state. I have been watching this on live TV our police men and people fighting them off, we made what we call "the people's Check points" they are like the police ones, but made by the people, they would block a street and stop cars and investigate them, they used machetes, knives, shotguns and pistols to keep order, and to guard their homes and neighborhoods. The Police and the Army took the most Damage and we saw their battles on TV. I also remember that things were awful for the Libyans, and ISIL was there, they captured 20 Egyptians and idc about religion but i will say it "Coptic christians" not that it matters they are still Egyptians, they slaughtered them on live TV, to fill us with fear. our President said "I don't fear anyone but God, and whoever comes near her "Egypt" I will remove them from the face of the earth" in no time, our Air forces "the Eagles in the sky" wiped them out in Libya, this action made them stop messing with us for years. I would then watch our military and police fighting in Sinai, removing mines, and capturing terrorists, criminals and drugdealers ,and weapon dealers. also saw our "Fallen" Martyrs. they did many horrible things, like attacking a small village in Sinai hitting the Mosque on Friday when all of them were at the mosque praying the friday prayer, resulting in almost wiping out the males of that village. anyways the year 2021 hits, I had just graduated and we were internally safe, except for Sinai, and I hit the Mandatory Service requirements, I had to turn myself in to the recruitment offices to do my mandatory service of 1 year. My luck put me in Sinai, when I knew this I am not gonna lie "I cried, with all I saw on TV, I was just ready to die, but I was sad that my life didn't even start, and it is over" my father called me and said while laughing "yo recruit, do you know where u were put in?" I said "since you are laughing then it is indeed Sinai, don't tell my mother, just tell her I serve in Ismailiyah away from any harm" i was a soldier in the Artillery branch of the army, in a unit of Humvees (The High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV)) mounted with TOW launchers XD my role in war was literally the commander of the crew, and the one to use the TOW launcher XD was fun to train on it tbh. the role of my unit was "Guided Anti Tank Missiles" basically hunt tanks down and since terrorists don't have tanks in Sinai, we basically were useless in this war so they used us on check points, without cars ofc just our hand arms hemls and on check points. my luck put me in "Khafif el Harakah" unit which means "Light movement" unit which has the nick name "Mashrou3 Shaheed" meaning "A Martyr project"... in Sinai they are made to Quickly engage enemies, Secure Patrols and to Quickly support and Relief Checkpoints that are under attack as well as go on missions to scout, secure and assault terrorist nests. I saw death many times, and i was not even in the hot zone. I also served on a check point which was spotted and targeted by terrorists, I had an AK47, also was appointed on a light Machine gun, and on an RPG. the last month of my service they did a simultaneous attack on two check points one that was at the beginning of the road we secure which was in ismailliyah but the sinai part of it "literally in the city" and the other was 20 minutes away from me. the one in ismailliyah was wiped out sadly, the one near me repelled the attack with no casualties. we were informed right way on raido that we are Targeted and to be at the highest level of readiness for battle. We had a month of sleepless nights, we spotted enemy scouts, scouting our check point, and we yelled curses at them, "Come here ye dogs, come here if you got balls, fight us you cowards." the check point was never attacked, just coz we were always able to spot them and report it right away. moral of the story, this is all a result of American and western plans to fuck us up. you guys have a lot of hate here in the middle east waiting for u and don't blame us, u took our lives away from us, and u are as guilty as your governments and troops for supporting this and never standing against it.
@@user-bn2nv5mx2g no we didnt elect them actually.. and they didnt win the elections.. the usa sent a secret threat of invading if we gave the presidency to shafiq who actually won these elections. Sisi didnt back stabb them, in fact he kept warning them to stop their corruption and they didnt. I dont need an outsider to talk to me about my own history and country.. you are ignorant in our matters.
Lol Sisi is a genius? Ya felol 😂 Muslim brotherhood is not related to isil at all . And if Sisi is so good why has the Egyptian economy collapsed that 1 dollar is sold now for over 30 pounds
@@user-bn2nv5mx2g because he himself cursed :D I am not required to tolerate every idiot that passes by.. nor am i required to explain orbprove anything to anyone. If cursing an idiot that cursed me is a legit reason to refute me.. go on idc 😅
@@user-bn2nv5mx2g yes, it is that word, it is a word used to describe anyone that is a part of the Mubarak regime, or supports it, and it became an insult over the time. He obviously supports the Muslim Brotherhood and that is why he is attacking me and trying to defend them. The issue with his logic is that be it that the Muslim Brotherhood related to ISIL or not, doesn't change the fact they are terrorists. anyways the leaders of that group said it on live TV "that all the fighting happening in Sinai will stop the moment El Sisi leaves the seat of presidency and puts Morsi back." Morsi was their puppet in rule and basically the ones fighting the army in Sinai were ISIL so in short they are the same shit.
The Elephant in the room he forgot to mention is that the Americans gave the Shia Iraq on a golden plate, who massacred the Sunni population, the real reason 151L was successful unifying the sunni masses.
Americans may be "illiterate" today, but they weren't so much back in the 1890s. The extreme anti-intellectualism of today dates in its present form mostly to the 1980s, when you first started hearing Americans bragging that they don't like to read, the implication being that reading and pursuing knowledge would interfere with the pursuit of money-making and buying status possessions. And of course with the advent of the internet in the 1990s, Americans' 1980s resistance to reading devolved into a belief that everything is just an opinion or a point of view, that there are no facts, and they had largely stopped reading and studying so they couldn't learn otherwise. In the 1890s, though, Americans did like to read and study, a fact that lasted well into the twentieth century, with the generations of the 1960s and 70s noted for being especially learned and well read.
Actually, in the school system you saw anti intellectualism culturally start in the 1970's. It hadn't reached the curriculum or the teaching professions yet, but school had been reduced to a pathetic catwalk culture of social snobbery based upon fashion and how rich one's parents were. Once the Reagan era started, new school books were issued, 1/3 to 1/5 the size of their predecessors, and the reading curriculum replaced ideas based stories (stuff about the slave trade, scientific achievements, Robert Frost, etc) with commercial corporate propaganda, such as stories and articles about rock stars, sports figures, and television shows. I experienced being repulsed by the changes in curriculum as I was 11 when it started, old enough to notice and not like it. Celebrity worship was being forced down the throats of kids and most didn't seem to notice. You can definitely see the effects in American culture today where nobody is psychologically over the age of 12 and celebrity worship has inverted inward to showing your ass on Instagram.
I enjoyed this lecture, but then I started doing some digging to find out some more background details about some things discussed here. I'm afraid I have to say, there seem to be significant inaccuracies in this recounting of events. For example, the discussion of Iraq's invasion of Kuwait, and the US response, is very odd. I looked up two different sources and found that the two sources disagree both with one another, and with Dr. Roy. The first source is wikipedia, which seems to be edited so that its description of these events stays with the bounds of what mainstream American policy finds acceptable. So, for example, it takes a very negative approach to Iraq while largely exonerating Kuwait. The second source is, I suspect, the most accurate -- William Blum's Killing Hope, chapter 52. Blum argues that the US deliberately manipulated Iraq into invading Kuwait because it needed a pretext for a new war. With the end of the cold war, US defense budgets were in danger of being cut, so the US needed another war to keep the money flowing from Congress. Blum shows that Bush immediately condemned the invasion and started sending the US military to the region within 24 hours. This makes sense if Bush knew the invasion of coming. But Dr. Roy seems to think Bush was oblivious to the invasion until Thatcher straightened him out. He presents no evidence for this claim -- if any exists, I'd like to see it -- and it really doesn't make sense. Blum also describes Saddam's actions in Kuwait as "sacking and pillaging." Yet Dr. Roy bends over backwards to suggest Saddam was as gentle as humanly possible, and caused no damage in Kuwait whatsoever. That is surely an absurd statement. Saddam launched an invasion of another country. That is, a war. Wars are not gentle. One doesn't have to accept all the ridiculous American propaganda about Iraq to admit they were not always very nice. I suspect these problems are not alone. Throughout much of the lecture I found myself wondering whether the reality was a bit different from what Dr. Roy described. But even so, the broad outlines of the history are, I believe, accurate. Unfortunately, if I wanted to actually use this information, I would have to double check every single statement in the lecture, since Dr. Roy has demonstrated that he cannot be fully trusted. That makes this lecture considerably less valuable than I had hoped it might be.
You disagreed on minutae, if you want to blow it out of proportion and say that the whole lecture "cannot be fully trusted" then go ahead. Minuate will vary and that's why everyone ought to listen to multiple historians, you can come to your conclusion. I disagree with your findings, more importantly the sacking of Kuwait. He never said kuwait wasn't sacked, he just said it was a highly disciplined force and that Saddam wanted to integrate them into Iraq proper; the complete opposite of what US media was presenting at the time, such as where they suggested fetuses were being ripped from pregnant women. Afterall the invasion only killed 1000 kuwaiti civilians, this is nothing compared to even the most gentle of USA military actions.
This is a great lecture.. but , i need to go look for what he said about the US reports regarding weapons of mass distruction in Iraq and Kuwait stealing of Iraqi oil.
@@yadbayad Yea I coudn't find anything either, it seems to be wrong. All I found is that American oil companies said slant drilling is not necessary to extract oil from Rumaila "Some Iraqi officials have accused Kuwait in the past of using advanced drilling techniques developed by American oilfield specialists to siphon oil from the Rumaila field, a charge that American drillers deny, noting that the oil flows easily from the Rumaila field without any need for these techniques."
Pity he doesn’t even mention the Zionist-Neocons in the executive and Pentagons office of special plans (OSP, creates by Rumsfeld and Wolfowitz, headed by Douglas feith-and whose civilian analysis, Lawrence Franklin was indicted by the FBI for spying for Israel via AIPAC) which bypassed the traditional intelligence apparatus that the executive relays on, and acted as the main information conduit to the executive. You can even watch the public committee on pre-Iraq war intelligence where the intelligence members say “we had no idea the OSP existed, etc.,) That leak to the New York Times was from Judith Miller-married the Scooter Libby who got this information from the Zionist Neocons in the OSP. So, the media leaks and the executive says “see, the media reaffirms this (because it was a “leak”). Etc., etc. There’s also Iranian agent (Iraqi exile creator of the Iraqi National Congress, INC), Ahmed Chalabi and how he played the Zionist Neocons for fools. The blame for the Iraq war rests on them in the OSP. Likud got Saddam, Iran got Iraq.
I respect your knowledge and ability to present, you messed up the end of the story. Kirkuk and half of Musil are called the disputed areas according to the Iraqi constitution. When ISIL attacked Iraq, there was a vacuum in the disputed areas and Kurdish Peshmarga had to go down and protect those areas. They didn’t immediately claim land which they didn’t own, they reclaimed their territory which is now called the disputed areas! And some other parts of the ending of the story was kinda messed up!
@@eddiea677 Iraq is a made up country by the europeans my friend. Did you not listen to the lecture? Never in history ever have Basra had something to do with what is today ”northern Iraq”. Just as Basra & modern day Kuwait was the same region before the britts cut it.
Hossni Mubarak actually witnessed a meeting between Saddam, Yaser Arafat, King Hussain of Jordan and Hafidth Al Assad where they discussed how to divide the GCC countries among them.
Irak was a name used before. There was Irak-i Acem (Iranian Irak) and Irak-i Arab (Arabic Irak). 16th century Ottoman campaign against Safavids, which resulted in Iraq to become part of Ottoman Empire, is called Irakeyn (2 Iraks) Campaign.
Ohh man... I felt like born again with all of this info's.. And my views to American government now, its so bad that I'll never believe anything thay gonna say now..
Good lecture, just I don’t think that the us bombed iraq with more tnt than world war 2 including the two nukes , it is not possible, entire cities have been destroyed and levelled to the ground in germany and japan , we didn’t have the same thing in iraq
Yeah one of the US tomahawk cruise missile dropped into Pakistan unexploded. So Pakistanis did return the debris to the US but after carefully studying them, reverse engineered and made Babur cruise missile with Ukrainian engines in it 😜
Iraq is an old name and is not created by the British, the uprising in 1920 forced the British to rule iraq indirectly through an Arab monarchy, history told here has many inaccuracies
The Majority of Isil was the ex Iraqi army. 1400 Mujahideen took Mosul, they only went to release their prisoners, when the army heard they ran. Nobody wants there heads chopped off. 😂😂😂 So, indirectly Usa created ISIL and then paid the price. Just to add, ISIL took Mosul central bank and gave all the money to who it belonged to (citizen’s) They made over a Billion that day.:). and this was told to me buy a Christian living in Mosul who came to the UK and then moved back whilst ISIL was in charge. A doctor no less. So, all the stories about ISIL … surprise, surprise will one day be known.. The People Sunni backed them and 84 countries bombed everyone to the stone age. Funny how nobody talks about the genocide committed by The west.
Iraqi 'shia' soldiers left their bases on purposes and gave their equipemnt on purpose to ISIl, it was an order. They wanted them as an ennemy to commit genocide to the sunni muslims.
I can't find anything on the UN investigative team in Kuwait, or the report. Nobody mentions this except for him? what is mentioned is that Iraq accuses Kuwait of overproduction + stealing but without any concrete proof available.
name Iraq is old not new. .Hadith of prophet: there will be stranger intervention in Iraq, Egypt and Ash Sham (now we call as Palestine, Syria, etc around it). .another hadith: fire in yaman.
Actually what Madeline Albright said when asked when asked about the 500,000 Iraqi children killed by 1990s US sanctions, said stumblingly like she was not prepared for the question, was, "I think the price was worth it," not "If I had the chance, I would do it aaaaaall again!" Also, as horrible as the 800,000 and 500,000 figure is, it should be added to the quarter million, 250,000, estimated to have been killed by the 1991 US mass-bombing of Iraq.
Albright is a well domesticated Zionist. And she was on the board of the US Stock market. Its a gang that included all the men around bush. And yeah, them & the Europeans used dirty bombs too. Rules of engagement, lul, more like holocaust committed by Zionist hypocrites & their jail birds & psychopaths.
@@enlightenedwarrior7119 But what are still doing there? the war is over. And 500,000 children just accidentally fell on their heads? You guys are pure unadulterated mongoloidial criminals. Jail is not enough for you Zionist ass.
They called it "collateral damage" as if these human lives were just inanimate objects. I guess it only matters if the victims are white Europeans. Such shallow double standard
38:00 I'm from halabja 5000 people died, and a lot more have respiratory diseases. The bombing was done by MIGs and we never left the town to begin with, Iranians have reached the borders and that was it (there are videos and documentaries that are captured in the exact date of 15/march/1988)
It's actually more nuanced than this. The PUK (under Mam Jalal's leadership) had a deal with the Iranian Military to flank the Iraqi forces from Halabja. They did this to undermine the Iraqi army and hopefully weaken them enough so that we, Kurds, get some sort of autonomy from Iraq. Mam Jalal was indubitably notified that in the event of such an arrangement, then Iraq would use chemical weapons against them (this was later confirmed - just a few months ago in an interview in NRT - from a PUK leader of that time) and that Mam Jalal dismissed it as being fluff/Iraq didn't have chemical weapons (spoiler: they did have it) As to the order of events, I'm not sure, but I believe there is footage of Irani forces *inside* Halabja. The Peshmerga opened the front for them. So Iraq sent a telegram to the Kurdish leaders, asking them to evacuate the civilians because they are going to bomb Halabja using chemical weapons. But the Kurdish forces did not do this (I vaguely believe that they even prevented the civilians from fleeing, but I'm not sure). So that's what happened.
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I love this guy. I have watched so many of his lectures. I am surprised he is not better known.
I like his style but the content isnt that great
So true he is a total nerd lol but be knows his shit i love it
Same here, odd he hasnt gone viral. And his content is great.
@@AbdulKhader-786 dude its a lecture what did u expect?
@@AbdulKhader-786 seriously??? I haven't seen any historian better than him!!!
Or you can suggest us a few names?
As an Iraqi from mosul , I am 24 years old. I have lived through most of the events that he was talking about. I feel that I have lived enough, and I feel too old. By the way, he forgot to mention the Iraqi civil war in 2007. But he also mentioned information that I did not know He's a great teacher...
Sorry you had to undergo the war. May you be blessed
@@monkeydluffy9011 بما انك عراقي ، ليش آخر قصة عن المراسل الألماني ، ينقطع الصوت، وممكن ترشدني ، حتة أبحث عن القصة
Sorry my guy. As you guys have murderous dictators , and religious zealots. We also have religious zealots, white nationalists, quarter-focused "defense" companies, media propaganda, and political psychopaths who run our government. Most Americans have zero clue about the revolving door of bloodthirsty nutjobs who are intelligencia, financial system "professionals", lobbyists , and career beltway "professionals" who concoct complex policies that an average American cannot understand. People thousand of miles away get murdered over nothing to satisfy unscrupulous intentions.
Stay strong, brother. God bless you
I hope you will soon make a video about the ongoing situation in Gaza Thank you dr .Roy
This is a beaten horse. What more can you really say. We are witnessing a genocide, and ethnic cleansing as it happens. I think he talked about it a few years ago (I think in 2014, don't quote me on that...Dr. Roy saying).
I hope he does talk about it. The more people talk the more chances there are of people listening and making changes. Never stop talking about Palestine.
How can Americans live with themselves after supporting this? I see so much weeping for volunteer American soldiers, and not a single thought is spared for the people those soldiers killed, or whose deaths they supported.
I blame the media. Here in the West we pride ourselves that we have unbiased independent journalism. This is far from the truth. Just like many other things we pride ourselves in.. the elite likes to portray we have the moral high ground but clearly in practice we are largely to blame for a lot of things.
The general public are too naive and misplace thier trust on the very instruments in place to uphold justice and tells us the truth.
1- Noam Chomsky's Manufacturing Consent.
2- I remember mass anti-war protests in the US in 2002.
3- 'Murica.
The Americans certainly have "Colonizing, wealth stealing, trouble making, divide and rule, British blood.
Most Americans DO NOT support this that’s how they get you!!!! Don’t believe our media!!!
Americans have always been like this, since the Vietnam war and the Korean war. No thoughts spared for all the Vietnamese people that fell victim to CIA chemical attacks or the people that are still affected by it today. No thoughts spared for all the civilians that died in the bombing(s) of Pyongyang in Korea.
im a muslim Egyptian. i have heard his lectures and was brought to tears. ive never heard any arab muslim so beautifully tell middle eastern history like him before.
He's the man
Notice a pattern: when this video came out, people in the U.S. were still talking about ISIL. Now it has vanished from all discourse. Similarly, I remember that after the first Iraq invasion, Desert Storm vanished from public discourse, and has never returned. Most of us who lived through that event never heard most of these details at the time, and haven't heard them since (apart from this video). The second Iraq war is also quickly vanishing down the memory hole. This is what it's like to be American: we are a culture of extreme violence, but no memory.
It’s horrible! Yet Islamic civilization was the most tolerant in history since the Prophet (pbuh.) True Sharia law has a lot of mercy and what you see in parts of the Middle East even the Prophet (pbuh) only did a few times. I wish Islam had a better reputation but I WILL say, Muslims are VERY loyal and are probably the last nation to desist from the West and not compromise. May all people be guided to God and do right by one another
reminds me of 1984
One of the most informative and interesting lectures I've ever listened to.
Thank you for this incredible lecture. As an American, I have been completely ignorant to the atrocities we committed on Iraq and Iran (watched both : )) Thank you again, I have learned so much from you.
Thank you for all these videos, I been watching one every day. Your amazing and I enjoy and learn so much from you. 😊
Thank you for your comprehensive, sincere, informative and caring lecture. Great to know there are decent people left on this planet. Zan Zendeghee Azadi
Wonderful lecture! Thank you Professor Roy
Captivating, thank you.
Enjoy Professor Casagranda's presentations...rr Normandy, Fra
Beautiful. Thank you professor.
May the angles gently take Our Souls and on the Day of Justice Resurrect those who harmed the past and now and do not repent !
Funny, I was just looking up April Glaspie right before this lecture caught my attention (after watching the one on western civ). The lecture certainly conforms with my understanding of the events, and certainly fills in some too.
This lecture was fun to watch
"That's BAD" That gets me everytime.
Sounds cuts out at the end. Amazing, very educational. Thank you for sharing.
i think/guess it was done on purpose, to avoid youtube infringements
This is one of the most traumatic stories I've ever heard
Release the Egypt lecture too.
I’ve been binge watching these amazing lectures for the past two weeks. A note though, Abadan in arabic does mean never, but the city of Abadan takes its name from persian. The word Abad and Abadan in persian mean prosperous.
Thank you sir
Thanks a lot
I respect the knowledge in your videos and try not to miss any of your new videos. However, the name Iraq is older than 1400 years because it was called Iraq even before Islam. Many saying of Prophet “Mohammad peace be upon him” mentioning Iraq in details. I hope this piece of information is helpful.
Thanks!
One mistake that I noticed, the city name Abadan meaning is not never
although he is pronouncing it like ابدا which correctly means 'never' as he mentioned
the correct city name is عبدان which is a different word
the confusion is due to the pronounciation of letters 'ا' and 'ع' is 'a'
And I think your confusion is due to the fact that it's a Persian city and they actually use "A" instead of 'ain.
Mr Roy Casagranda , A true professor! Thank you. Can someone please put me or him in a jet travel continuum so he can educate the world LOL keep up the great work.
A blessing
It's rarely to see a western speak facts ,well done .
The “middle east” IS the west, pay attention!! Lol but I know what you meant
@@USAandokay Says who? Most of us consider ourselves culturally Asian. We have much more in common with the east than the west.
Absolutely love this man lol
Excellent lecture Sir. although it reminded me of the horrible history of my country. Millions of educated Iraqis fled the country
The delivery of this is hilarious to me but serves a point. 1:29:00
Doctor Roy, in one of your videos, you said 84 & 16% concession and today you said 95 & 5 % concession on British & Iran oil deal.
dont look at the numbers try to understand what he is trying to say
Professor kept talking about history trauma, i was doubtful but after listening to this now I understand.
Gallipoli is our Gettysburg. Well said legend 👍
for any of you youngsters and people who were not in the middle east when all this happened, I was born in Egypt in 1997 years after the first American war on Iraq, I heard my father and mother speaking about it so i had little perspectives as well as our president at the time Muhammed Hosni Mubarak said when Saddam invaded Kuwait "This is gonna open the gates of Hell on us in the Arab world".
911 happens and i was just a child, so I ofc had no clue also what's going on, then the invasion of Iraq happens I only saw it on TV with my family, they were very sad, the entire Arab world was in Shock.
We were struck by a Trauma that whenever we hear the word American we freak out.
WE hated the west at this point, we resented them, They colonized "Destructionized" our nation left it divided into 24 countries, then came back with more destruction and Chaos.
2010 Comes, I am in the 6th Grade a minor civil war happens in my city Al bajour between 4 of the biggest families, all of them brought weapons, gas containers and hell went loose. the police came and things calmed after they gave their word they would fix the bad blood peacefully and head home, then bam they hit a police officer, word was sent to the governate main police station, 2 big police Vans filled with those shield carrying troops with sticks came, they literally stopped 3 streets away from the fight, went out of their trucks you could hear their organized foot hits on the ground from that distance, and they would do 4 Steps then yell very loud this "Haaah", in less than 3 minutes the 4 families were surrounded, and got beaten so hard, i freaked out at that sight of the troops and ran away, my house was literally less than a minute walking, just in the next street XD.
they sent them to jail ofc.
2011 comes, and Jan 25th 2011 hits i was in the 1st year of my prep school (middle school) was about 12 years old or so
the shit day where the Arab spring(Arab autumn more like it) hit us "it was so systematic as it happened in all these arab states in a weird systematic way u can tell the intelligence of many nations planned it", Mohammed Hosni Mubarak could see what's happening so he stepped aside as a president and put himself under the justice system saying "History will give its witness about me and others with what's for us and what's against us" and stopped a civil war like that in libya and syria from happening to Egypt.
WE fell under the Rule of a terrorist organization called "Muslim brotherhood" an organization made by the British intelligence when they evacuated from Egypt "they never left without leaving a permanent disease that would benefit them on the long run"
till this day btw that organization is supported and hosted by the UK.
that organization was as bad as ISIL (ISIS), we went on a revolution in 2014 against them to over throw them and we elected our current president Abdulfattah Al Sisi, an intelligence genius and a military man who studied what a country means for 20 years, he took us out of chaos and did lead the fight against them and terrorism in Sinai.
Now back to the point and I know this is long, but you know when ISIL hit the middle east, I felt as though I was without cover without safety, like I was drowning in a lake in the middle of the night where it is not only impossible to breathe but also to see.
The MBH (Muslim Brotherhood) the other side of the ISIL Coin did the same exact horrible acts to us they did to the Iraqis and Syrians, but luckily we had an army and a police, and we still had what the professor called "a state organization" or a half state.
I have been watching this on live TV our police men and people fighting them off, we made what we call "the people's Check points" they are like the police ones, but made by the people, they would block a street and stop cars and investigate them, they used machetes, knives, shotguns and pistols to keep order, and to guard their homes and neighborhoods.
The Police and the Army took the most Damage and we saw their battles on TV.
I also remember that things were awful for the Libyans, and ISIL was there, they captured 20 Egyptians and idc about religion but i will say it "Coptic christians" not that it matters they are still Egyptians, they slaughtered them on live TV, to fill us with fear.
our President said "I don't fear anyone but God, and whoever comes near her "Egypt" I will remove them from the face of the earth" in no time, our Air forces "the Eagles in the sky" wiped them out in Libya, this action made them stop messing with us for years.
I would then watch our military and police fighting in Sinai, removing mines, and capturing terrorists, criminals and drugdealers ,and weapon dealers.
also saw our "Fallen" Martyrs.
they did many horrible things, like attacking a small village in Sinai hitting the Mosque on Friday when all of them were at the mosque praying the friday prayer, resulting in almost wiping out the males of that village.
anyways the year 2021 hits, I had just graduated and we were internally safe, except for Sinai, and I hit the Mandatory Service requirements, I had to turn myself in to the recruitment offices to do my mandatory service of 1 year.
My luck put me in Sinai, when I knew this I am not gonna lie "I cried, with all I saw on TV, I was just ready to die, but I was sad that my life didn't even start, and it is over" my father called me and said while laughing "yo recruit, do you know where u were put in?"
I said "since you are laughing then it is indeed Sinai, don't tell my mother, just tell her I serve in Ismailiyah away from any harm"
i was a soldier in the Artillery branch of the army, in a unit of Humvees (The High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV)) mounted with TOW launchers XD my role in war was literally the commander of the crew, and the one to use the TOW launcher XD was fun to train on it tbh.
the role of my unit was "Guided Anti Tank Missiles" basically hunt tanks down and since terrorists don't have tanks in Sinai, we basically were useless in this war so they used us on check points, without cars ofc just our hand arms hemls and on check points.
my luck put me in "Khafif el Harakah" unit which means "Light movement" unit which has the nick name "Mashrou3 Shaheed" meaning "A Martyr project"... in Sinai they are made to Quickly engage enemies, Secure Patrols and to Quickly support and Relief Checkpoints that are under attack as well as go on missions to scout, secure and assault terrorist nests.
I saw death many times, and i was not even in the hot zone.
I also served on a check point which was spotted and targeted by terrorists, I had an AK47, also was appointed on a light Machine gun, and on an RPG.
the last month of my service they did a simultaneous attack on two check points one that was at the beginning of the road we secure which was in ismailliyah but the sinai part of it "literally in the city" and the other was 20 minutes away from me.
the one in ismailliyah was wiped out sadly, the one near me repelled the attack with no casualties.
we were informed right way on raido that we are Targeted and to be at the highest level of readiness for battle.
We had a month of sleepless nights, we spotted enemy scouts, scouting our check point, and we yelled curses at them, "Come here ye dogs, come here if you got balls, fight us you cowards."
the check point was never attacked, just coz we were always able to spot them and report it right away.
moral of the story, this is all a result of American and western plans to fuck us up.
you guys have a lot of hate here in the middle east waiting for u and don't blame us, u took our lives away from us, and u are as guilty as your governments and troops for supporting this and never standing against it.
@@user-bn2nv5mx2g no we didnt elect them actually.. and they didnt win the elections.. the usa sent a secret threat of invading if we gave the presidency to shafiq who actually won these elections.
Sisi didnt back stabb them, in fact he kept warning them to stop their corruption and they didnt.
I dont need an outsider to talk to me about my own history and country.. you are ignorant in our matters.
Lol Sisi is a genius? Ya felol 😂 Muslim brotherhood is not related to isil at all .
And if Sisi is so good why has the Egyptian economy collapsed that 1 dollar is sold now for over 30 pounds
@@salahelhaddad4872 collapsed eh ya shrmt.. 😂
@@user-bn2nv5mx2g because he himself cursed :D
I am not required to tolerate every idiot that passes by.. nor am i required to explain orbprove anything to anyone.
If cursing an idiot that cursed me is a legit reason to refute me.. go on idc 😅
@@user-bn2nv5mx2g yes, it is that word, it is a word used to describe anyone that is a part of the Mubarak regime, or supports it, and it became an insult over the time.
He obviously supports the Muslim Brotherhood and that is why he is attacking me and trying to defend them.
The issue with his logic is that be it that the Muslim Brotherhood related to ISIL or not, doesn't change the fact they are terrorists. anyways the leaders of that group said it on live TV "that all the fighting happening in Sinai will stop the moment El Sisi leaves the seat of presidency and puts Morsi back." Morsi was their puppet in rule and basically the ones fighting the army in Sinai were ISIL so in short they are the same shit.
You see how the British effed this world?!
The ending was cut short and muted.
His memory is insane. How does he remember so much and in chronological order, Masha Allah
As an australian, hey haha.
The gallipoli joke caught me off guard.
So sad that the audience dont get the humor...especially the part about Salad and Dinners! lolz!
The last part was muted
Anyone else notice the guy in the black backwards cap fall asleep right at the hour mark?
Why has part of his last answer been muted?
Thanks for the interesting lectures. FYI ONLY - the IRAQ (عراق )name existed locally. A 12th Century Persian Poet has been known as "Iraqi" ( عراقی)
What is the final story it got cut off!!
Alhamdulillah for Islam
At the 28th minute ,56 sec.
Roy dropped a bomb shell without explanation.
Professor. You need to make a special one on the topic of this list.
Dr. Roy Casagranda
The truth is usually Not Allowed!
The Elephant in the room he forgot to mention is that the Americans gave the Shia Iraq on a golden plate, who massacred the Sunni population, the real reason 151L was successful unifying the sunni masses.
I put myself through a rigorous assortment of test and came to the conclusion that I can't do it , im just not good enough
1:22:40 spotted "the Flash" :p
Americans may be "illiterate" today, but they weren't so much back in the 1890s. The extreme anti-intellectualism of today dates in its present form mostly to the 1980s, when you first started hearing Americans bragging that they don't like to read, the implication being that reading and pursuing knowledge would interfere with the pursuit of money-making and buying status possessions. And of course with the advent of the internet in the 1990s, Americans' 1980s resistance to reading devolved into a belief that everything is just an opinion or a point of view, that there are no facts, and they had largely stopped reading and studying so they couldn't learn otherwise. In the 1890s, though, Americans did like to read and study, a fact that lasted well into the twentieth century, with the generations of the 1960s and 70s noted for being especially learned and well read.
Actually, in the school system you saw anti intellectualism culturally start in the 1970's. It hadn't reached the curriculum or the teaching professions yet, but school had been reduced to a pathetic catwalk culture of social snobbery based upon fashion and how rich one's parents were. Once the Reagan era started, new school books were issued, 1/3 to 1/5 the size of their predecessors, and the reading curriculum replaced ideas based stories (stuff about the slave trade, scientific achievements, Robert Frost, etc) with commercial corporate propaganda, such as stories and articles about rock stars, sports figures, and television shows. I experienced being repulsed by the changes in curriculum as I was 11 when it started, old enough to notice and not like it. Celebrity worship was being forced down the throats of kids and most didn't seem to notice. You can definitely see the effects in American culture today where nobody is psychologically over the age of 12 and celebrity worship has inverted inward to showing your ass on Instagram.
Shut up mate. Make your own lecture then
I enjoyed this lecture, but then I started doing some digging to find out some more background details about some things discussed here. I'm afraid I have to say, there seem to be significant inaccuracies in this recounting of events. For example, the discussion of Iraq's invasion of Kuwait, and the US response, is very odd. I looked up two different sources and found that the two sources disagree both with one another, and with Dr. Roy.
The first source is wikipedia, which seems to be edited so that its description of these events stays with the bounds of what mainstream American policy finds acceptable. So, for example, it takes a very negative approach to Iraq while largely exonerating Kuwait.
The second source is, I suspect, the most accurate -- William Blum's Killing Hope, chapter 52. Blum argues that the US deliberately manipulated Iraq into invading Kuwait because it needed a pretext for a new war. With the end of the cold war, US defense budgets were in danger of being cut, so the US needed another war to keep the money flowing from Congress. Blum shows that Bush immediately condemned the invasion and started sending the US military to the region within 24 hours. This makes sense if Bush knew the invasion of coming.
But Dr. Roy seems to think Bush was oblivious to the invasion until Thatcher straightened him out. He presents no evidence for this claim -- if any exists, I'd like to see it -- and it really doesn't make sense.
Blum also describes Saddam's actions in Kuwait as "sacking and pillaging." Yet Dr. Roy bends over backwards to suggest Saddam was as gentle as humanly possible, and caused no damage in Kuwait whatsoever. That is surely an absurd statement. Saddam launched an invasion of another country. That is, a war. Wars are not gentle. One doesn't have to accept all the ridiculous American propaganda about Iraq to admit they were not always very nice.
I suspect these problems are not alone. Throughout much of the lecture I found myself wondering whether the reality was a bit different from what Dr. Roy described. But even so, the broad outlines of the history are, I believe, accurate. Unfortunately, if I wanted to actually use this information, I would have to double check every single statement in the lecture, since Dr. Roy has demonstrated that he cannot be fully trusted. That makes this lecture considerably less valuable than I had hoped it might be.
You disagreed on minutae, if you want to blow it out of proportion and say that the whole lecture "cannot be fully trusted" then go ahead. Minuate will vary and that's why everyone ought to listen to multiple historians, you can come to your conclusion. I disagree with your findings, more importantly the sacking of Kuwait. He never said kuwait wasn't sacked, he just said it was a highly disciplined force and that Saddam wanted to integrate them into Iraq proper; the complete opposite of what US media was presenting at the time, such as where they suggested fetuses were being ripped from pregnant women. Afterall the invasion only killed 1000 kuwaiti civilians, this is nothing compared to even the most gentle of USA military actions.
Big Man
God this world is one hell of a soap opera
1:15:30 It was worse. She said its difficult but... ITS WORTH IT
When was the first car?
1885 Germany
What a tragedy of epic scales.
What the Americans did to Iraq makes Saddam Hussein look like an angel.
This is a great lecture.. but , i need to go look for what he said about the US reports regarding weapons of mass distruction in Iraq and Kuwait stealing of Iraqi oil.
did you find anything on Kuwait stealing oil or the UN investigative team? I couldn't find anything about this online..
@@yadbayad Yea I coudn't find anything either, it seems to be wrong. All I found is that American oil companies said slant drilling is not necessary to extract oil from Rumaila "Some Iraqi officials have accused Kuwait in the past of using advanced drilling techniques developed by American oilfield specialists to siphon oil from the Rumaila field, a charge that American drillers deny, noting that the oil flows easily from the Rumaila field without any need for these techniques."
Is he narrating political history or an epic. This is crazier than fantasy or a Hollywood movie
If someone could make an animated timeline of this entire video
At 23:00 he is wrong. There was no Faisal III, there were only two Faisal's who ruled Iraq and it was Faisal II who was assassinated in 1958.
Is that your sole comment on a 2 hr lecture?? an error in numbers??
@@jamesbrown2761
Faisal I is the first King of Iraq, after he passed away his son Ghazi was in charge , and last Ghazi's son Faisal II.
Pity he doesn’t even mention the Zionist-Neocons in the executive and Pentagons office of special plans (OSP, creates by Rumsfeld and Wolfowitz, headed by Douglas feith-and whose civilian analysis, Lawrence Franklin was indicted by the FBI for spying for Israel via AIPAC) which bypassed the traditional intelligence apparatus that the executive relays on, and acted as the main information conduit to the executive.
You can even watch the public committee on pre-Iraq war intelligence where the intelligence members say “we had no idea the OSP existed, etc.,)
That leak to the New York Times was from Judith Miller-married the Scooter Libby who got this information from the Zionist Neocons in the OSP. So, the media leaks and the executive says “see, the media reaffirms this (because it was a “leak”). Etc., etc.
There’s also Iranian agent (Iraqi exile creator of the Iraqi National Congress, INC), Ahmed Chalabi and how he played the Zionist Neocons for fools.
The blame for the Iraq war rests on them in the OSP.
Likud got Saddam, Iran got Iraq.
I respect your knowledge and ability to present, you messed up the end of the story. Kirkuk and half of Musil are called the disputed areas according to the Iraqi constitution. When ISIL attacked Iraq, there was a vacuum in the disputed areas and Kurdish Peshmarga had to go down and protect those areas. They didn’t immediately claim land which they didn’t own, they reclaimed their territory which is now called the disputed areas! And some other parts of the ending of the story was kinda messed up!
But the Kurds didn't own the lands...? It is Iraqi lands.
@@eddiea677 Iraq is a made up country by the europeans my friend. Did you not listen to the lecture? Never in history ever have Basra had something to do with what is today ”northern Iraq”. Just as Basra & modern day Kuwait was the same region before the britts cut it.
1:44:15 Shame
Hossni Mubarak actually witnessed a meeting between Saddam, Yaser Arafat, King Hussain of Jordan and Hafidth Al Assad where they discussed how to divide the GCC countries among them.
Was there any source for this?
Lol
How can I listen to it translated into Arabic? 😢
He looks like the dude from big Lebowski
Irak was a name used before. There was Irak-i Acem (Iranian Irak) and Irak-i Arab (Arabic Irak). 16th century Ottoman campaign against Safavids, which resulted in Iraq to become part of Ottoman Empire, is called Irakeyn (2 Iraks) Campaign.
At 1:33:35, The answer to the ISIL/ISIS question is because the Levant (L in ISIL) is called Sham in Arabic so ISIS, Islamic State In Sham
Ohh man... I felt like born again with all of this info's.. And my views to American government now, its so bad that I'll never believe anything thay gonna say now..
4 years after isn't the name of raquiees ( which mean expansive in arab)the base for the name of this territorie
Australian watching
and its mad max vs road warrior
Good lecture, just I don’t think that the us bombed iraq with more tnt than world war 2 including the two nukes , it is not possible, entire cities have been destroyed and levelled to the ground in germany and japan , we didn’t have the same thing in iraq
26:05
30:42
33:10
Excellent as always Sir but why mute the Prison Camp Experience ? Now I am left with suspense.
yeah what happened
And,we're the terrorist?
"But the British, they could read"
The oil deal with Qajar Persians was 84% Brits and 16% Persians not 95-5.
the greatest country in the world my ass
1123 am Teulon Manitoba
Iraq was always named Iraq it is mention in islamic history poetry and even in 1001 night
25:49
Yeah one of the US tomahawk cruise missile dropped into Pakistan unexploded. So Pakistanis did return the debris to the US but after carefully studying them, reverse engineered and made Babur cruise missile with Ukrainian engines in it 😜
They named it after Babur Shah?
Iraq is an old name and is not created by the British, the uprising in 1920 forced the British to rule iraq indirectly through an Arab monarchy, history told here has many inaccuracies
The Majority of Isil was the ex Iraqi army. 1400 Mujahideen took Mosul, they only went to release their prisoners, when the army heard they ran. Nobody wants there heads chopped off. 😂😂😂 So, indirectly Usa created ISIL and then paid the price. Just to add, ISIL took Mosul central bank and gave all the money to who it belonged to (citizen’s) They made over a Billion that day.:). and this was told to me buy a Christian living in Mosul who came to the UK and then moved back whilst ISIL was in charge. A doctor no less. So, all the stories about ISIL … surprise, surprise will one day be known.. The People Sunni backed them and 84 countries bombed everyone to the stone age. Funny how nobody talks about the genocide committed by The west.
Iraqi 'shia' soldiers left their bases on purposes and gave their equipemnt on purpose to ISIl, it was an order. They wanted them as an ennemy to commit genocide to the sunni muslims.
I guess this is just part of dying , it hurts alot more than it should
This guy seems to be a great lecturer but a lot of his information is very questionable
If foreign words were meant to be pronounced differently then spell them differently.
26.23
I can't find anything on the UN investigative team in Kuwait, or the report. Nobody mentions this except for him? what is mentioned is that Iraq accuses Kuwait of overproduction + stealing but without any concrete proof available.
Passion of the Christ Mel's best movie
Id say it was his worst. Braveheart was his best
name Iraq is old not new.
.Hadith of prophet: there will be stranger intervention in Iraq, Egypt and Ash Sham (now we call as Palestine, Syria, etc around it).
.another hadith: fire in yaman.
Actually what Madeline Albright said when asked when asked about the 500,000 Iraqi children killed by 1990s US sanctions, said stumblingly like she was not prepared for the question, was, "I think the price was worth it," not "If I had the chance, I would do it aaaaaall again!" Also, as horrible as the 800,000 and 500,000 figure is, it should be added to the quarter million, 250,000, estimated to have been killed by the 1991 US mass-bombing of Iraq.
The moment when you defend infanticide, you immediately lost.
Hey asshole I was in the gulf we had strict rules of engagement to avoid civilian s many men died cause of them rules
Albright is a well domesticated Zionist. And she was on the board of the US Stock market. Its a gang that included all the men around bush.
And yeah, them & the Europeans used dirty bombs too. Rules of engagement, lul, more like holocaust committed by Zionist hypocrites & their jail birds & psychopaths.
@@enlightenedwarrior7119 But what are still doing there? the war is over. And 500,000 children just accidentally fell on their heads?
You guys are pure unadulterated mongoloidial criminals. Jail is not enough for you Zionist ass.
They called it "collateral damage" as if these human lives were just inanimate objects. I guess it only matters if the victims are white Europeans. Such shallow double standard
Man? How are they allowing you to teach?
38:00 I'm from halabja 5000 people died, and a lot more have respiratory diseases. The bombing was done by MIGs and we never left the town to begin with, Iranians have reached the borders and that was it (there are videos and documentaries that are captured in the exact date of
15/march/1988)
It's actually more nuanced than this.
The PUK (under Mam Jalal's leadership) had a deal with the Iranian Military to flank the Iraqi forces from Halabja. They did this to undermine the Iraqi army and hopefully weaken them enough so that we, Kurds, get some sort of autonomy from Iraq. Mam Jalal was indubitably notified that in the event of such an arrangement, then Iraq would use chemical weapons against them (this was later confirmed - just a few months ago in an interview in NRT - from a PUK leader of that time) and that Mam Jalal dismissed it as being fluff/Iraq didn't have chemical weapons (spoiler: they did have it)
As to the order of events, I'm not sure, but I believe there is footage of Irani forces *inside* Halabja. The Peshmerga opened the front for them. So Iraq sent a telegram to the Kurdish leaders, asking them to evacuate the civilians because they are going to bomb Halabja using chemical weapons. But the Kurdish forces did not do this (I vaguely believe that they even prevented the civilians from fleeing, but I'm not sure). So that's what happened.